Question

d. bryophytes e. charophytes 12. Which group(s) protect their embryos! a. angiosperms b. pteridophytes C. gymnosperms 13. Which group is the ancestor of all the others? a. angiosperms b. pteridophytes C. gymnosperms d. bryophytes e. charophytes

Answer 1

12. In angiosperm, the seed is the final product of sexual reproduction. It is often described as a fertilised ovule. Seeds are formed inside fruits. A seed typically consist of seed coat(s) , cotyledon(s) and and an embryos axis. So that means angiosperm is the group which protects the embryos.

13. a. Angiosperm : the most recent common ancestor of all living angiosperms likely existed from about 140 - 250 million years ago. This is the most common ancestor of all extant seed plants (i.e. angiosperms and gymnosperms) is estimated to have lived 310 - 350 million years ago.

b. Pteridophytes: Modern studies of the land plants agree that all pteridophytes share a common ancestor with seed plants. Therefore, pteridophytes do not form a dressed but constitute a paraphyletic group.  

c. Gymnosperms: above mentioned in angiosperm.

d. Bryophytes: Evolutionary origin - bryophytes belong to the embryophytes, which include all the land plants. Evidence from structural, biochemical , and molecular data supports the view that bryophytes and all other plants share a common ancestor in the green algae. These are considered the closest modern relatives of those ancestors, which likely colonised land about 470 - 515 million years ago.

e. Charophytes: Usually scientist distinguish plants from algae because plants are embryophytes they develop embryos whereas algae don't. The ancestor of land plants was most likely shared with a group of green algae called the charophytes.