Question

1) The following cartoon illustrates a prototypical receptor tyrosine kinase cascade. Based on your knowledge of this pathway, answer the following questions that focus on the Ras GTPase enzyme and its downstream signaling.
a) Complete the signal transduction cascade by filling in the empty boxes with the identities of the molecules.
b) There's few mechanisms that lead to amplification of signal downstream of RTK pathway. Name one of those mechanisms and explain how it leads to signal amplification.
c) Indicate how following clinically observed mutations affect signal transduction through this RTK pathway (upregulate, downregulate, or no effect). Explain logic with 1 sentence.
  i) Ras Q61L: decreases intrinsic GTPase activity
  ii) Ras G13D: decreases its interaction with a GAP
iii) SOS R552G: increases GEF activity on Ras

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Answer 1

Answer has been attached below. Hope this will help.

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