Question

13. Bafilomycin is a membrane-permeant H+-ATPase inhibitor. What are the anticipated effects of bafilomycin on lysosome function? 14. As seen in a typical fibroblast or epithelial cell, compare and contrast the intracellular distributions of the endoplasmic reticulum versus the Golgi apparatus. - Endoplasmic reticulum is 10 % of the cell's volume, Golgi apparatus is 3%. The golai is perinuclear position, but the ER is distributed all over the cell. 15. Explain the cellular component(s) that helps minimize the disparity between the spatial positions and functional inter-dependence between the ER and Golgi. 16. Provide a detailed description of a nucleosome.

Answer 1

Question 13

Answer: Bafilomycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has anti-tumour, anti-fungal and immunosuppresant activity. It is a inhibitor of vacuolar type H(+)-ATPases that required for acidification of lysosomes. Lysosomes are the cell organelles that degrades protein cargo using lysosomal proteases. Bafilomycin inhibits the H(+)-ATPases on the lysosomal mebrane that prevents the acidification of the lysosomes. This leads to inactivity of lysosomal proteases and hence, no protein cargo degradation will occurs. Its also blocks the fusion of lysosomes with autophagosomes and inhibit autophagy.