Please note that this is an ANIMAL SCIENCE QUESTION. do not answer if unsure.
Please read question carefully and answer it thoroughly. All answers must be typed and brevity is appreciated. (be detailed)
1. The dairy industry would like to reduce N excretion in feces and urine without sacrificing milk production. As a professional nutritionist you have many tools at your disposal including protein sources (grain and roughage) that vary extensively in ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility, ruminally protected amino acids (methionine and lysine) and many NPN sources. Assuming you had no economic limits on your diet formulation, how would you minimize fecal and urinary excretion of N?
**please make a DIET FORMULATION**
N excretion from two different diet formulation approaches - one
diet is high DIP (degradable protein intake) and other is lower DIP
while meeting whole protein requirement of cow with higher level of
undergraded protein. Urinary N appears to be increase more than the
manure N with higher N intakes. Many dairy producers overfeed crude
protein (i.e. nitrogen), resulting in excessively high output of N
in both urine and manure. Crude protein is often fed at levels to
support 20,000 pounds of milk or more, even when actual milk
production of the herd is substantially less. This practice is not
only expensive, but also can have a negative effect on the
environment. The following feeding strategies suggest ways to
control N excretion. The first major goal
is to minimize purchased feed N inputs; the second is to improve
the efficiency of N use by the dairy cow.
• Increase dry matter intake.
• Improve the forage quality ( higher quality forage have more
protein, less fibers and more energy.
• Supplement highly degradable forage protein with less degradable
sources of protein.
• consider feeding method - Feeding sequence, feeding frequency and
grouping strategy all influence how the cow uses dietary N.
Synchronizing the delivery of
rumen degradable protein and carbohydrate can increase efficiency
of N use by the cow and decrease N excretion.
Use protein supplements to allow the cow's degradable and
undegradable protein requirements to be met without overfeeding
crude protein.
Please do like and comment if you have any query
Please note that this is an ANIMAL SCIENCE QUESTION. do not answer if unsure. Please read...
Please note that this is an ANIMAL SCIENCE QUESTION. do not answer if unsure. Please read question carefully and answer it thoroughly. All answers must be typed and brevity is appreciated. (be detailed) 1. How are feed intake, ruminal rate of passage, ruminal pH regulation and body weight gain related to each other?
Please note that this is an ANIMAL SCIENCE QUESTION. do not answer if unsure. Please read question carefully and answer it thoroughly. All answers must be typed and brevity is appreciated. (be detailed) 1. There are several enzyme systems for fixing ammonia in the ruminal bacteria that are critical for microbial protein synthesis. If the microbes were genetically engineered to only possess the one that worked at the lowest ammonia concentrations what are the implications for microbial protein synthesis?
Please note that this is an ANIMAL SCIENCE QUESTION. do not answer if unsure. Please read question carefully and answer it thoroughly. All answers must be typed and brevity is appreciated. (be detailed) 1. What specific digestive and/or metabolic processes would be affected if a lamb was born without carbonic anhydrase activity in the ruminal epithelium? For each process identify how it works, why it is important to rumen function and why it is important to the animal’s nutrition and...
Please note that this is an ANIMAL SCIENCE QUESTION. do not answer if unsure. Please read question carefully and answer it thoroughly. All answers must be typed and brevity is appreciated. (be detailed) 1. There are several enzyme systems for fixing ammonia in the ruminal bacteria that are critical for microbial protein synthesis. If the microbes were genetically engineered to only possess the one that worked at the lowest ammonia concentrations what are the implications for microbial protein synthesis? **please...
Please note that this is an ANIMAL SCIENCE QUESTION. do not answer if unsure. Please read question carefully and answer it thoroughly. All answers must be typed and brevity is appreciated. (be detailed) 1. Two beef cows are fed different diets based on either corn silage or alfalfa hay. Respond to the following parts based on the information given below. Item Cow A Cow B Diet Corn silage Alfalfa hay Dry matter intake 20 lbs 20 lbs a. Which cow will...
Please note that this is an ANIMAL SCIENCE QUESTION. do not answer if unsure. Please read question carefully and answer it thoroughly. All answers must be typed and brevity is appreciated. (be detailed) 1. Describe the processes involved in lipid absorption from the small intestine in the ruminant. Include the compound(s) that cross the luminal side of the epithelial cell and the processes that occur within the cell. Also describe the fate of the lipid compounds once they leave the epithelial...
Please note that this is an ANIMAL SCIENCE QUESTION. do not answer if unsure. Please read question carefully and answer it thoroughly. All answers must be typed and brevity is appreciated. (be detailed) 1. A beef cattle producer has called you and needs your help. He is 60 days pre-calving and doesn’t have enough feeder quality hay to last through the spring. He thinks he needs to save his good stuff for use after the cows calve. If he does that, all he...