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Dichotomous Identification Key for seven Gram Negative Bacteria Citrobacter freundii Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
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In MacConkey agar two important reagents are present Lactose and neutral red. The organisms which can ferment lactose will produce acids, and due to the presence of acid, the pH gets lower. This results in the red colour of the pH indicator neutral red dye present in the agar. So the organisms which can ferment the lactose will give red colonies.

But the organisms which are unable to ferment the lactose will not produce any acid and there will be no such colour change of neutral red. So, they will give white colonies.

Ferments lactose- Red colonies

Does not ferment lactose- White colonies

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