Question

Which condition or feature listed below is likely the most important in allowing for biofilm formation by a bacterial species?

	A.	a lack of nutrients
	B.	possessing a capsule
	C.	the presence of a surface to attach to
	D.	microcolony formation
	E.	being a motile cell type

Which among A – D is false regarding influenza virus structure and its life cycle?

	A.	It possesses a single, large circular chromosome
	B.	It is an enveloped, (‒) RNA virus
	C.	Unlike most RNA viruses, this one goes to the nucleus as part of its life cycle
	D.	Hemagglutinin facilitates entry of the virus, while neuraminidase facilitates its exit from the host cell
	E.	None of A-D is false; all are true statements.

Which of the following statements among A - D regarding the glycolysis pathway is FALSE?

	A.	Two pyruvate molecules are generated.
	B.	ATP molecules are formed.
	C.	It does not require oxygen to operate.
	D.	ATPs (hydrolyzed) are used in the beginning of glycolysis.
	E.	None of A - D is false; all are true statements.

Which of the following among A - D is false regarding fermentation?

	A.	It requires the use of an electron transport system.
	B.	It is an incomplete oxidation
	C.	It does not produce ATPs via oxidative phosphorylation.
	D.	It requires regeneration of NAD+ to support glycolysis.
	E.	None are false; A-D are all true regarding fermentation.

Depending on the viral type, the genome of an RNA virus could serve as a template for

	A.	translation
	B.	messenger RNA synthesis
	C.	DNA synthesis
	D.	A and B only
	E.	A, B, and C

Which of the following among A - D is false concerning phototrophy?

	A.	Cyanobacteria have both photosystem 1 (PS1) and photosystem 2 (PS2)
	B.	Green-sulfur bacteria like Chlorobia have an anaerobic PS1 which forms NADPH.
	C.	Purple non-sulfur bacteria like Rhodospirillum possess both PS1 and PS2.
	D.	Green-sulfur bacteria can photolyze inorganic electron donors like H2S or Fe2+; cyanobacteria photolyze water.
	E.	None of A -D is false; all are true statements.

Answer 1

According to guidelines, I can only answer for 1 question, but I am gonna answer for 4 questions. Please post remaining as separate questions.

1. The essential requirements for biofilm growth are the microbes themselves and a substrate. Option C is correct.

2. Influenza is a negative-sense RNA that uses Hemagglutinin for entry and neuraminidase for exit from the host cell. Option A is wrong.

3.  Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, which uses ATP in the beginning and forms ATP and 2 pyruvates. Option E is correct.

4. Fermentation doesn't use the electron transport chain, it isn't considered a type of respiration. Option A is false.