Question

1. Most fertilizers contain biologically useable forms of nitrogen and phosphorus.

1. In what chemical form is phosphorus used by cells for biosynthesis? Name two different types of cellular macromolecules that contain phosphorus.
2. In what chemical form is nitrogen typically used by cells for biosynthesis? Name two different types of cellular macromolecules that contain nitrogen. Briefly describe 4 different ways in which microorganisms may obtain nitrogen in a form that they can use.

Answer 1

• Both Phosphorus and Nitrogen ​are Macronutrients in the body. Now, let us see what is Macronutrients.
• Macronutrients are those which required in excess of 10m mole kg-1 of dry matter.
• Q. a...
• Phosphorus used by cells for biosynthesis is in the form of H2PO4- or HPO4-2.
• H2PO4- is the dihydrogen phosphate ion. It is the conjugate base of Phosphoric Acid H3PO4.
• HPO4-2 is the monohydrogen phosphate ion,its conjugate base of dihydrogen phosphate, conjugate base of dihydrogen phosphate.
• The Two Different types of cellular macromolecules that contain Phosphorus are ATP(ADENOSINE TRI PHOSPHATE) , ADP(ADENOSINE DI PHOSPHATE ) , DNA (DEOXY RIBONUCLEIC ACID), RNA (RIBO NUCLEIC ACID) ​​​​​​.
• In ATP phosphorus present in the triphosphate form and in DNA or RNA Phosphorus present in the form of Phosphodiester form.
• Q. b...
• Nitrogen typically used by cells for biosynthesis is in the form of  NO3-(NITRATE) , NO2-(NITRITE ), NH4+(AMMONIUM).
• The Two Different tyoes of cellular macromolecules that contain Nitrogen are NUCLEOTIDE (PURINE, PYRAMIDINE BASE LIKE ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE, THYMINE, URACIL) , VARIOUS PROTEINS, AMINO ACIDS PRESENT IN THE BODY.
• The 4 different ways in which microorganisms may obtain nitrogen in a form that they can use are--
• NITROGEN FIXATION : It is of two types. These are--
• ELECTRICAL OR ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN FIXATION : It is the conversion of N2 to NO3-(Nitrate Compounds).
• INDUSTRIAL AND BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION : It is the conversion of N2 to NH3 ( Ammonia).
• NITRIFICATION : It is the conversion of NH3 to NO3-(Nitrate Compounds) .
• DENITRIFICATION : It is the conversion of NO3- to N2 ( Nitrogen) .
• AMMONIFICATION : It is the conversion of Dead Biomass (Organic Nitrogen like Protein) to NH3 (Ammonia).

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