Homework Answers
According to me, liver cannot satisfy the needs with glycogen because glouconeogenesis and glycosis are coordinated so treat within a cell one pathway is relatively inactive while other is highly active. According to the question, a low level of AMP induces the formation of phosphofructokinase, whereas ATP and citrate inhibit it,Fructose 1,6 biphosphate on the other hand is inhibited by AMP and activated by citrate.A low level of AMP indicates the energy change is high and don't need the signal for ATP generation.But with high level of ATP and citrate indicate the energy change is high and that biosynthetic intermediates are abundant glycosis is nearly switched off and glucogenesis is promoted.
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A liver cell has high NADH, high acetyl-CoAs, and high levels of pyruvate high levels of...
20 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that is activated by high levels of AMP...
20 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that is activated by high levels of AMP in cells. If levels of AMP are high in cells, that means that levels of ATP are low. Once active, AMPK activates catabolic pathways and inhibits anabolic pathways in the cell. Why do you think that is the case? Choose the answer that best explains the role of AMPK. 8 00:20:36 Multiple Choice O By activating catabolic pathways, AMPK provides a mechanism to activate...
2. How will metabolism in a liver cell change if AMP and NAD levels are high?...
2. How will metabolism in a liver cell change if AMP and NAD levels are high? Cite at least four enzymes to justify your answer. Be sure to address all relevant pathways. (10 pts)
A second hallmark of glycogen-synthase deficiency is high levels of ketone bodies. Which of the following...
A second hallmark of glycogen-synthase deficiency is high levels of ketone bodies. Which of the following explains this symptom? A) When tissues are starved of glucose, the liver responds by making ketone bodies B) Beta oxidation is intact in these patients. Therefore, the liver of these patients can still readily create the substrate of ketone-body synthesis, acetyl-CoA, despite low levels of pyruvate. C) Since glucogenic intermediates, like pyruvate, are needed for anaplerosis, Krebs intermediates are low. This leads to a...
High concentrations of acetyl CoA and NADH inform the cell that either energy needs of the...
High concentrations of acetyl CoA and NADH inform the cell that either energy needs of the cell have been met that lactic acid fermentation is occurring fatty acids are being catabolized amino acid anabolism is occurring phospholipids are being synthesized High concentrations of acetyl CoA and NADH inform the cell that either energy needs of the cell have been met or that lactic acid fermentation is occurring fatty acids are being catabolized amino acid anabolism is occurring phospholipids are being...
11. What would happen in a liver cell if citrate levels were high? Tell me what...
11. What would happen in a liver cell if citrate levels were high? Tell me what pathways would increase and which would decrease. Mention at least three key regulatory enzymes that would be affected as a result of this increase in acetyl-CoA. (10 pts)
Choose the ONE BEST answer explaining how oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA levels are balanced to maximize flux...
Choose the ONE BEST answer explaining how oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA levels are balanced to maximize flux through the citrate cycle when energy charge in the cell is lovw Oxaloacetate is required for mitochondrial shuttle systems, and therefore it makes sense to activate pyruvate carboxylase by ATP and inhibit it by malate. None of the answers are correct. The best way to balance the input of carbon into the citrate cycle is to regulate the production of citrate using vitamins like...
The reaction pyruvate + CoA + NAD + rightarrow acetyl CoA + Co2 + NADH, is...
The reaction pyruvate + CoA + NAD + rightarrow acetyl CoA + Co2 + NADH, is catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase. If an inhibitor of this enzyme was added to cells, then ___ levels in the cytoplasm would increase. A. Oxygen B. NADH C. Pyruvate D. Acetyl CoA E. CO2 Which of the following types cells is matched with the WRONG stem cell category? A. embryonic of stem cells: pluripotent B. embryonic germ cells: pluripotent C. hematopoietic stem cells: multipotent D....
26. Based on our discussion in class, high levels of NADH would likely A. cause pellagra...
26. Based on our discussion in class, high levels of NADH would likely A. cause pellagra B. stimulate glycolysis C. slow down the movement of molecules through the citric acid cycle D. slow down oxidative phosphorylation E. break down carbohydrates 27. What purpose does fermentation serve? A. It regenerates NAD* from NADH to keep glycolysis going in the absence of oxygen. B. It allows for the production of NADH, which keeps the electron transport chain going. C. It produces an...
09. What goes into the Krebs cycle a. Acetyl c. Pyruvate Q9. What is made in...
09. What goes into the Krebs cycle a. Acetyl c. Pyruvate Q9. What is made in Krebs cycle but not in glycolysis? . NADH b FADH C. ATP Q10. How is ventilation stimulated? a. Chemoreceptors detect low blood ph b. Chemoreceptors detect high blood pH Q11. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? a. Low oxygen detected by peripheral chemoreceptors causes ventilation to increase b. High oxygen detected by peripheral chemoreceptors causes ventilation to increase 12. What...
1. A patient presents in your surgery with an inability to maintain blood sugar levels in...
1. A patient presents in your surgery with an inability to maintain blood sugar levels in long periods (20 hours) between meals. Tests show that glucose is converted to lactate normally in liver in the well-fed state, and that pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase have normal activities in liver in periods between meals. Your colleague reminds you that glucagon stimulates glycogen degradation, so you administer glucagon to the patient (who was well fed prior to the test) and find that...
20 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that is activated by high levels of AMP in cells. If levels of AMP are high in cells, that means that levels of ATP are low. Once active, AMPK activates catabolic pathways and inhibits anabolic pathways in the cell. Why do you think that is the case? Choose the answer that best explains the role of AMPK. 8 00:20:36 Multiple Choice O By activating catabolic pathways, AMPK provides a mechanism to activate...
2. How will metabolism in a liver cell change if AMP and NAD levels are high? Cite at least four enzymes to justify your answer. Be sure to address all relevant pathways. (10 pts)
High concentrations of acetyl CoA and NADH inform the cell that either energy needs of the cell have been met that lactic acid fermentation is occurring fatty acids are being catabolized amino acid anabolism is occurring phospholipids are being synthesized High concentrations of acetyl CoA and NADH inform the cell that either energy needs of the cell have been met or that lactic acid fermentation is occurring fatty acids are being catabolized amino acid anabolism is occurring phospholipids are being...
11. What would happen in a liver cell if citrate levels were high? Tell me what pathways would increase and which would decrease. Mention at least three key regulatory enzymes that would be affected as a result of this increase in acetyl-CoA. (10 pts)
Choose the ONE BEST answer explaining how oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA levels are balanced to maximize flux through the citrate cycle when energy charge in the cell is lovw Oxaloacetate is required for mitochondrial shuttle systems, and therefore it makes sense to activate pyruvate carboxylase by ATP and inhibit it by malate. None of the answers are correct. The best way to balance the input of carbon into the citrate cycle is to regulate the production of citrate using vitamins like...
The reaction pyruvate + CoA + NAD + rightarrow acetyl CoA + Co2 + NADH, is catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase. If an inhibitor of this enzyme was added to cells, then ___ levels in the cytoplasm would increase. A. Oxygen B. NADH C. Pyruvate D. Acetyl CoA E. CO2 Which of the following types cells is matched with the WRONG stem cell category? A. embryonic of stem cells: pluripotent B. embryonic germ cells: pluripotent C. hematopoietic stem cells: multipotent D....
26. Based on our discussion in class, high levels of NADH would likely A. cause pellagra B. stimulate glycolysis C. slow down the movement of molecules through the citric acid cycle D. slow down oxidative phosphorylation E. break down carbohydrates 27. What purpose does fermentation serve? A. It regenerates NAD* from NADH to keep glycolysis going in the absence of oxygen. B. It allows for the production of NADH, which keeps the electron transport chain going. C. It produces an...
09. What goes into the Krebs cycle a. Acetyl c. Pyruvate Q9. What is made in Krebs cycle but not in glycolysis? . NADH b FADH C. ATP Q10. How is ventilation stimulated? a. Chemoreceptors detect low blood ph b. Chemoreceptors detect high blood pH Q11. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? a. Low oxygen detected by peripheral chemoreceptors causes ventilation to increase b. High oxygen detected by peripheral chemoreceptors causes ventilation to increase 12. What...
1. A patient presents in your surgery with an inability to maintain blood sugar levels in long periods (20 hours) between meals. Tests show that glucose is converted to lactate normally in liver in the well-fed state, and that pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase have normal activities in liver in periods between meals. Your colleague reminds you that glucagon stimulates glycogen degradation, so you administer glucagon to the patient (who was well fed prior to the test) and find that...
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