Question

2. How will metabolism in a liver cell change if AMP and NAD levels are high? Cite at least four enzymes to justify your answer. Be sure to address all relevant pathways. (10 pts)

Answer 1

The liver is one of the largest organ of body an it performs the many important metabolic functins , liver can converts the nutrients that can body use and store ,liver also takes up toxic substances and convert them into harmless substances ,.. The human liver weighs around 1.4kg and is found in the right upper abdomen ,below the diaphragm, it takes up the most of the space under ribs and some space in the left upper abdomen there are two lobes sepated by band of connective tissues , the gallbladder (bile juice storage) is found in the small hollow on the underside of the liver., Liver tissues are made up of units of liver cells called lobules ,canals carying blood and bile run between the liver cells , blood coming from the digestive organs flows through the portal vein to the liver carrying nutrients, medicines and toxic substances and once they reach to the liver then these substances are processed,stored,altered,detoxified and passed back into the blood or released into the bowl to be eliminated., also with the help of vitamin K ,the liver produces proteins that are impotant in blood clotting , liver is also a organ which break down old or damaged blood cells., The liver control all the metabolic process in the body, in fat metabolism the liver cells break down the fats and produces energy,also produce bile about 800 to 1,000 mi per day( as bile is important for the breakdown and absorption of fats ),. NAD+( nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is the precursor of Nicotinamide riboside which is present in food such as milk ,beer etc,.so after drinking alcohol or milk then this NAD is involved in the redox reaction and protect the liver cells from oxidation reaction,. so the liver is the essential metabolic organ and its metabolic activity is controlled by insulinand other hormones,glucose is metabolised into the into pyruvate through glycolysis in cytoplams ,, so both AMP and NAD control the liver activity and protect the liver cells ., .