Question

Plomber. 2. Which of the four chambers of the heart would have its workload increased the most by a stenotic bicuspid valve Explain your answer. 3. Suppose it were the pulmonary semilunar valve that were stenotic. Which of the four chambers of the heart would have its workload increased the most and why? 4. Describe how a stenotic valve increases the risk of heart failure. 5. In Josie's case congestive heart failure was caused by a stenotic bicuspid valve. However, other valve abnormalities can also cause heart failure. Define valve regurgitation and explain how it could also lead to a failing heart.

Answer 1

2. The left ventricle of the heart would increase the workload bya stenotic bicuspid valve. Normaly the blood passes through it to go into the aorta.However, subaortic stenosis limits the blood flow out of the left ventricle, often resulting in an increased workload for the left ventricle.

3. Pulmonary stenosis is a condition characterized by obstruction to blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. This obstruction is caused by narrowing (stenosis) at one or more points from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. Areas of potential narrowing include thickened muscle below the pulmonary valve, stenosis of the valve itself, or stenosis of the pulmonary artery above the valve. The most common form of pulmonary stenosis is obstruction at the valve itself, referred to as pulmonary valvar stenosis.When the pulmonary valve is obstructed, the right ventricle must work harder to eject blood into the pulmonary artery. To compensate for this additional workload, the muscle of the right ventricle gradually thickens. The thicker right ventricular muscle, known as hypertrophy, is rarely a problem in itself, but instead is an indication that significant valve obstruction exists.

4. Aortic stenosis (AS) occurs when the orifice of the aortic valve is significantly reduced due to the failure of the aortic valve leaflets to open fully during systole. This causes an effective increase in afterload, left ventricular hypertrophy and, eventually, symptoms of congestive heart failure.

5. A backflow of blood caused by failure of the heart's valve to close tightly. valve regurgitation is a condition in which the heart's valve doesn't close tightly, which allows blood to flow backward in the heart.

heart has four valves that keep blood flowing in the correct direction. These valves include the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve and aortic valve. Each valve has flaps (leaflets or cusps) that open and close once during each heartbeat. Sometimes, the valves don't open or close properly, disrupting the blood flow through your heart to yourbody.

In mitral valve regurgitation, the valve between the upper left heart chamber (left atrium) and the lower left heart chamber (left ventricle) doesn't close tightly, causing blood to leak backward into the left atrium (regurgitation.

A leaky valve doesn't close the way it should, allowing some blood to flow backward into the left atrium. If left untreated, a leaky valve could lead to heart failure