Question

3. Unpolluted rain has an approximate pH of 5.5. Natural emissions (from volcanoes and lightning), and human activity (from mining and industrial plants) emit compounds that mix with water vapor in the atmosphere to create "acid rain," which can have a pH-4.5. Referring to the pH equation, explain why decreasing pH numbers mean that the acidity is increasing. a. Referring to the pH equation, explain why more acidic solutions have lower pH values. b. Referring to the pH equation, explain why a pH of 4.5 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 5.5 4. Hot springs and rotten eggs often give off a bad smell as a result of sulfur containing compounds. Many of these compounds in eggs are released when egg proteins are broken down by chemical reactions a. What amino acid might you expect to find in high abundance in egg proteins? b. Which of the four groups of amino acids does it fall into? C. Draw it. Label the amino group, the carboxylic acid group and the side chain. Omega-3 fatty acids Omega-6 fatty acids но 3 но Alpha linelonic acid ALA 6 но inoleic acid LA 3 Eicosapentaenoic acid EPA 5. Fatty acids are one monomer type of lipid molecules like triglycerides and phospholipids. The fatty acids above are omega-3 and omega-6 essential fatty acids, found in abundance in fish oil, flax seeds, and walnuts. The last carbon in the fatty acid chain is named by the last letter of the Greek alphabet, omega. An omega-3 fatty acid is named because it has a double bond in the chain on the 3rd carbon from the omega end. An omega 6 fatty acid has a double bond on the 6th carbon from the omega end. a. What is the name of the chemical functional group shown on the left end of each of these chains? b. Describe how omega fatty acids might be linked to form a triglyceride. What other monomer subunits would c. Walnut oil and Flax seed oils are full of omega fatty acids. These lipids are liquid at room temperature. Describe how the structure of omega fatty acids causes them to be more fluid than th lipids found in butter. be necessary?

Answer 1

3) a) In pH , the p stands for potenz (german) meaning power of hydrogen and H for Hydrogen ion . pH scale is lograthmic , [H ⁺] = log 10^-pH , log₁₀[H⁺] = -pH , pH = - log₁₀[H⁺] . Since , the concentration of proton (H⁺ or H₃O⁺) in water is in 10 ^-x (x= 0-14) and in order to simplify the pH scale range from 0-14. The pH of water is 7 which is neutral which means there is no excess or deficiency of proton. Therefore , in the case of acid , protons are more and by the negative logarithm formula the pH value is less than 7 and vice versa for the basic condition. Thus acidic pH range from 0-7.

b) As the formula above suggest log to the base 10 and  pH lowers acidic nature increases , therefore , pH 4.5 is more acidic then 5.5.