Question

Relative risk (RR) is a statistical term used to describe the risk of a certain event happening in one group versus another. It is commonly used in epidemiology and evidence based medicine. For example smoking is found to be a cause for cancer. The formula for calculating the risk of cancer for smoking cigarettes is RR=

(__A___) / (__C____) where A=number of people who smoke and also have cancer, B=number of smokers not having cancer, C=number of people who did not smoke but still

    A+B C+D

have cancer, D=number of people who neither smoked not have cancer. If RR>1, smokers are at higher risk than non-smokers. If RR=1, the risk could go either way and if RR<1, the risk of smoking does not have any impact on cancer. Write a program in Java Eclipse to receive the four quantities from the keyboard, calculate RR, and print the appropriate remark.

Answer 1

                                                The Code:

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class RelativeRisk {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        double A,B,C,D,RR;
        Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);

        // Reading A<B<C<D from console.
        System.out.println("Enter number of smokers that have cancer");
        A=sc.nextDouble();
        System.out.println("Enter number of smokers that do not have cancer");
        B=sc.nextDouble();
        System.out.println("Enter number of non-smokers that have cancer");
        C=sc.nextDouble();
        System.out.println("Enter number of non-smokers that do not have cancer");
        D=sc.nextDouble();
        //Calculating RR and comparing with 1 for final conclusion
        RR=((A/(A+B))/(C/(C+D)));
        if(RR>1.0) System.out.println("Smokers are at a higher risk of cancer than non-smokers");
        else if(RR<1.0) System.out.println("Smokers are at a lower risk of cancer than non-smokers");
        else System.out.println("Risk of cancer can go either way to smokers or non-smokers");
    }
}

                                                 Console Output:

run: Enter number of smokers that have cancer 4 Enter number of smokers that do not have cancer Enter number of non-smokers that have cancer Enter number of non-smokers that do not have cancer 4 Smokers are at a higher risk of cancer than non-smokers BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 16 seconds)