How can one do plant breeding for developing resistance to insect pests? Give a few examples to insect resistance characteristics. Also mention the source of pest resistance genes.
ANSWER:
Like disease, insects area unit necessary causative
factors of organic phenomenon stress in crop plants. Insects attack
all the crop plants and cause wide losses in yield moreover as
quality. Insect attack results in varied sorts ofdamages. In crop
plants like 1) Reduction in plant growth or acrobatics, 2) harm of
vegetative and procreativeelements, 3) Premature defoliation, and
4) weakening of plants. Insect cause 14 July calculable yield loss
of all necessary crops on international bases. Insect cause yield
loss directly either by suck cell sap or by geological process
varied plant elements. Insects additionally cause yield loss
through transmission of assorted diseases.
There area unit 2 necessary ways of insect management, viz 1)
biological technique and 2) chemical technique. In biological
technique, insects area unit controlled in 3 ways, viz, 1) by the
employment of predators and parasites of insect pests. 2) by
victimization biology pesticides like margosa, Datura, Ipomea
within the kind of leaf extracts, and 3) use of resistant
varieties. Biological technique is affordable and doesn't have any
adverse result on the system, through lesser effective than
chemical technique of insect management. The chemical technique
includes use of assorted chemical, pesticides. Use of pesticides
has many disadvantages. It will increase value of cultivation,
reduces population of predators and parasites of insect pests,
results in environmental pollution and development of pesticides
resistant biotypes of insects. so genetic resistance is that the
most cost-effective and also the best technique of insect
management in crop plants. Genetic resistance refers to the power
of some genotypes to granthigher yields of fine quality than prone
varieties at a similar initial level of insect attack beneath
similar environmental conditions. so resistance is outlined in
reference to prone varieties.
Host Crop |
Insect Pest |
Non-preference |
Preference |
Wheat |
Strem Sawfly |
Solid stem |
Hollow stem |
Rice |
i)Rice stem borer |
Lignified stem |
Nonlignified stem |
How can one do plant breeding for developing resistance to insect pests? Give a few examples...
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