Question

Please help, there's more questions than my limit.

1. _____________ refers to a sudden, dramatic drop in BP upon standing or sitting up straight.
   1. Primary hypertension                                                    d. Anaphylaxis
   2. Secondary hypertension                                               e. Phlebitis
   3. Orthostatic hypotension

2. Most of the smooth muscle in arteries is located in the ___________.
   1. tunica intima              b. adventitia                  c. tunica externa          d. lumen            e. tunica media

                       

3. Decrease in the size of the lumen of a blood vessel by contraction of smooth muscle is called ________.
   1. Vasodilation            b. Infarction                  c. Vasoconstriction          d. Necrosis          e. Constipation

4. ___________ are located in areas where filtration of larger molecules occurs.
   1. Arterioles            b. Arteries           c. Veins                d. Fenestrated capillaries              e. Venules

5. Which of the following is false?
   1. Most hypertension is primary and has no identifiable cause.
   2. Hypovolemic shock may occur when there is a sudden and/or severe loss of blood or body fluids.
   3. Deep veins typically parallel arteries in any given region.
   4. Veins and lymphatic vessels contain valves but arteries do not.
   5. A normal blood pressure reading is about 140/90.

6. Which of the following is correctly matched?
   1. Carotid arteries – supply oxygenated blood to the brain and cranial structures.
   2. Subclavian arteries – supplies blood to the lower extremities
   3. Jugular veins – drains blood of the head and neck into the inferior vena cava
   4. External iliac artery – supply blood to the circle of Willis and to the arms
   5. All are the above correctly matched

7. Hepatic portal circulation carries blood from:
   1. Kidneys to the liver                                                          d. Liver to the heart
   2. Stomach and intestines to the liver                           e. Stomach and intestines to the kidney
   3. Pulmonary artery to the aorta

8. The two blood vessels that contain both baroreceptors and chemoreceptors important for the regulation of blood pressure:
   1. Carotid arteries and aorta                                             c. Aorta and vena cava
   2. Coronary and cerebral arteries                                   d. Femoral and iliac veins
   3. Brachial and ulnar arteries

9. All of the following correctly match lymphocytes with their functions EXCEPT:
   1. Helper T cells – stimulate B cells to divide and differentiate; activate T_C cells.
   2. Cytotoxic T cells – produce cytokines that attract and activate macrophages and perforins that destroy pathogens.
   3. NK cells – suppress the action of cytotoxic T cells and B cells.
   4. B cells – become plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
   5. Fixed macrophages – take up residence in specific tissues where they engulf pathogens and other substances.

10. All of the following will likely induce an increase in blood pressure EXCEPT:
    1. Decreased cardiac output                                             d. Increased blood viscosity
    2. Exercise                                                                               e. Increased peripheral resistance
    3. Vasoconstriction of systemic vessels

Answer 1

1) (c) Orthostatic hypotension refers to a sudden dramatic drop in bp upon standing or sitting up straight.

Orthostatic hypotension is also called Postural hypotension. It is a type of low bp that is caused when we stand up from either lying down or sitting. This sudden drop in bp last for a few minutes but can make the individual feel dizzy or light headed and even faint.

2) Most of the smooth muscles in the arteries is located in the (e) tunica media.

Smooth muscles that comprises majority of the walls of the blood vessels are called as vascular smooth muscles. Such smooth muscles are located in the tunica media layer in the artery walls.

3) Decrease in size of the lumen of a blood vessels by contraction of the smooth muscle is called (c) Vasoconstriction.

Vasoconstriction is the term that refers to the narrowing of blood vessels due to contraction of the smooth muscles in the walls of the blood vessels.

4) (d)Fenestrated capillaries are located in areas where filtration of larger molecules occur.

Fenestrated capillaries consists of intracellular perforations known as fenestrae. Such capillaries are found in the endocrine glands, intestinal villi, kidney glomeruli etc. The main function of these capillaries is to filter larger molecules.