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Study questions These questions are to guide your studying. They do not cover all of the topics that may be on exams. 1. Using the Internet, find out how many isotopes of Carbon exist in nature. Which are the three most abundant? 2. Consult a periodic table. Determine the atomic numbers and mass numbers for: (a) An atom of oxygen with 8 neutrons. (b) An atom of Phosphorus with two more neutrons than protons. (c) An atom of Aluminum with 14 neutrons. 3. 32 is an unstable isotope of phosphorus that has a half-life (ti/2) of 14.29 days. Atoms of 32P undergo beta decay, in which a neutron decays into a proton and electron. (a) Describe the mass number and atomic number of the element that results. (b) How long would a sample containing 32 take to decay to 1/32 of the radioactivity? 4. Most hydrogen exists as a proton and an electron without any neutrons H; protium). Most Oxygen is 150. Compute the total number of protons and neutrons in water (H20), and show its molar mass is 18 g/mol. What is the molar mass of water made with deuterium (2H)? 5. What is the net charge of an atom with 4 protons, 4 neutrons and 3 electrons? 6. Draw structural diagrams for carbon dioxide (CO2) (two double bonds are formed) and ammonia (NH3). Why does ammonia attract a hydrogen nucleus (H) in water, to form NH4 7. Draw four molecules of water forming hydrogen bonds with each other 8. Which of the following possible interactions (labeled A-E) is a Hydrogen Bond?

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Answer #1

Q1. Carbon has 15 known isotopes from 8C to 22C. The three most abundant are:

12 C = 98.9%

13C = 1.1%

14C = traces

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