Question

3. Animals must assimilate food from their environment and use that energy to fuel physiological processes. Answer the following questions.

a. Provide the Energy utilization equation. (Hint GE=.....)

b. Describe indirect and direct calorimetry. What are the pros and cons of each technique?

c.Define the respiratory quotient and describe in the case of a hummingbird the importance of a shift from an RQ of 0.7 at rest to an RQ of 1 in flight.

d. Define the following:

i. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR):

ii. Standard Metabolic Rate (SMR):

iii. Field Metabolic Rate (FMR):

e. A vole will eat 6x its body mass during a week while a rhino will eat 1/3 of its body mass. Yet the rhino eats a greater mass of food during the week.

i. Describe whole-animal metabolic rate in words, with an equation, and on a graph.

ii. Describe mass-specific metabolic rate in words, with an equation, and on a graph.

Answer 1

a.

Energy utilisation is based on the methodoligies that can give rise to more advanced and likely adequate by which animals derive their fuel in order to conduct their physiological mechanisms. The food that is being digested consists of energy. The highest amount that is mirrored in the heat that is being calculated after the carbon dioxide has been utilised completely. The energy that is being produced is known as ingested energy (IE) or gross energy (GE). Digestion of food particles which has not been completed in the small intestine is sometimes characterized with fermentation of carbohydrate which has not been consumed in the colon, thus resulting in lesser production of energy called as the faecal energy (FE) that takes the form of combustible gases mainly consisting of hydrogen and methane). The formula that has been given by Crisan and Sands is as follows :

Energy (kcal/100 g)=(2.62 x %age protein) + (8.37 x %age fat) + (4.2 x %age carbohydrate)

Another formula being used for the calculation of gross energy, GE is as follows :

GE (Gross Energy) =4x value for crude protein +9x value for crude lipid +4x value for Carbohydrate