Answer:
Formulae and criteria applied for calculations are,
pH = -log[H+] and [H+] = 10-pH.
pOH = -log[HO-] and [HO-] = 10-pOH.
pH + pOH = 14.00
pH < 7 : Acidic
pH = 7: Neutral
pH > 7: Basic
1) Given: pH = 8.32 (pH > 7 : Basic)
pOH = 14.00 - pH = 14.00 - 8.32 = 5.68
[H+] = 10-8.32. = 4.8*10-9 M
[HO-] = 10-5.68. = 2.1*10-6 M
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2) SOlution Neutral.
pH = pOH = 7
[H+] = [HO-] = 1.00*10-7 M
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3) Given: pH = 1.00 (pH < 7 : Acidic)
pOH = 14.00 - pH = 14.00 - 1.00 = 13.00
[H+] = 10-1. = 1.0*10-1 M = 0.1 M
[HO-] = 10-13. = 1.0*10-13 M
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4) Given: [H+] = 5.00*10-8 M
pH = -log[H+] = -log(5.00*10-8) = 7.30 (pH > 7.00: Basic)
pOH = 14.00 - 7.30 = 6.70
[HO-] = 10-pOH = 10-6.70 = 2.0*10-7 M
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e) Given: [HO-] = 1.0*10-12 M
pOH = -log[HO-] = -log(1.0*10-12) = 12
pH = 14 - 12 = 2 (pH < 7: Acidic)
[H+] = 10-pH = 10-2 = 0.01 M
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