Question

courses/9462/quizzes/35648/take Distinguish among the four types of symbiosis (Chapter 14). HTML Ed BI VAAI EX 2 1 1 XX, E TT: 12pt Paragraph 0 Question 4 List and briefly describe the three lines of defense in the human body (Chapter 15). HTML Edit BIVANI EX3 , EE & 2 V G. DT : 12pt Paragraph

Answer 1

Type of symbiosis:

Symbiosis is association of two organisms which both or atleast one is getting benefitted:

1) Mutualism which is indicated by ++ where both organisms are benefitted and dependant on each other for their survival, if one is removed other automatically become dead. Eg. Lichen where Fungus and BGA/cynobacteria are assocated with each other.

2) Protocooperation which is also indicated by ++ where both are benefitted but not solely depenadant on each other for their survival. Eg Ergot moves along with Cattle

3)Commensalism which is indicated by +0 where one is benefitted but other is neither benefitted or loss, eg growing of epiphytes under the large conopy of tree.

Three type of defence of human:

1) First line of defence: Physical barrier acts as initial boundary to prevent entry or attachment of pathogens to outr boundary which includes Skin, Mucus secreation, hair, cillia or certain chemical barrier like presence of lysozyme in tears, saliva,sweat, of presence of sebacous galands on skin.

2) Second line of defence: Which is innate type of immunity comes into action, where immunity from present befoe birth and its hereditory. These are non-specific and come into picture when initial or first line of defence is broken by pathogen and pathogen got entry into human body then some non-spepcific immunlogicals cells plays an important role like macrophages and caused by phagocytosis, inflammations and fever.

3) Third line of defence: Which is aquired type of immunity, where antibodies and cell mediated immunity plays as important role which is present in bloods or cells repectively. B-Cells form antibodies which is present in blood which is very specific against pathogens while Tc and Th cells are part of cell mediated and present in cells along with blood and its role is to kill pathogens and activate others immunologiocal cells agaisnt pathogens.

Hope its clear.. thanks