Question

a) What is the path taken the packet of data from your computer to Google?

b) How does your computer find the location google.com?

c) Explain how the data gets back from Google if your public IP address (shear to Google) is different than your private IP address. How does Google’s response (over http) make it back to the proper destination especially since your computer uses a subnet?

Answer 1

1.

The above screenshot shows the command to get the routes in which my computer establishes the connection and the time taken to establish the connection and the different servers or data centers ip address mentioned from source to destination.

2.When you type www.google.com, the DNS recursor will contact the root name server. The root name server will redirect it to .com domain name server. .com name server will redirect it to www.google.com name server. www.google.com name server will find the matching IP address for www.google.com in its’ DNS records and return it to your DNS recursor which will send it back to your browser. These requests are sent using small data packets which contain information such as the content of the request and the IP address. These packets travel through multiple networking equipment between the client and the server before it reaches the correct DNS server. This equipment use routing tables to figure out which way is the fastest possible way for the packet to reach its’ destination. If these packets get lost you’ll get a request failed error. Otherwise, they will reach the correct DNS server, grab the correct IP address, and come back to your browser.

3. The browser which is installed in your computer receives the correct IP address from the server and it will build a connection with the server that matches IP address to transfer information. Browsers use internet protocols to build such connections. The most common protocol used is TCP for any type of HTTP request.
So a TCP connection will be established between my browser and server. This connection is established using a process called the TCP/IP three-way handshake also includes subnet address. This is a three step process where the client and the server exchange SYN(synchronize) and ACK(acknowledge) messages to establish a connection.
1. Client machine sends a SYN packet to the server over the internet asking if it is open for new connections.
2. If the server has open ports that can accept and initiate new connections, it’ll respond with an Acknowledgment of the SYN packet using a SYN/ACK packet.
3. The client will receive the SYN/ACK packet from the server and will acknowledge it by sending an ACK packet.
Once the TCP connection is established, it is time to start transferring data! The browser will send a GET request asking for www.google.com web page. This request will also contain additional information such as browser identification, types of requests that it will accept, and connection headers asking it to keep the TCP connection alive for additional requests.