Question

This week you have been introduced to the specific mechanisms (example: A-B toxin) that elicit the symptoms of disease in a host. Pick three of these mechanisms and describe each in a essay. Please follow the expectations that are listed below. Describe the cellular source of the mechanism. Explain how this mechanism produces an effect inside the host. Provide an example pathogen that utilizes this mechanism. (bacterial /viral pathogeneses specific) First, we will evaluate how bacteria elicit a disease state inside the host. We will examine the different mechanism bacteria possess to both evade the immune system and elicit a disease state in the host. Second, we will examine the how microbes are passed from host to host and describe the periods of illness observed from contraction of a pathogenic microbe

Answer 1

ans: Bacteria/ Viruses that may enter body via food, water, sexual contacts etc. They may enter bosy and disrupt normal functions of body. Our immune system tries its best to evade that bactreia/ virus. Actual symptoms that are normally seen in infection like rashes, fever are due tho fight of our immune system soldiers against bacteria/ viral enemy. But many of times our immune systems fails to evade bacteria as they may multily rapidly and interfere between the cellular machinery of cells and kill them.and then they tries to make their own existence in host body either by using host's machinery for their own benefits.

For example.. HIV(human immunodeficiency virus) enters into hosts DNA and uses host's ,machinery for their own work.like replication transcription, transaltion etc.This virus kill host cells and enters into the DNA of hoat and use their machinery. This virus normally passed from host to host by sexual intercourse.

Stages: 1.Attachment: Attachment of HIV to CD4 cells

2. Fusion : allows HIV to enter cell

3. Reverse transcription: HIV contins reverse ranscriptase enzyme which converts its own RNA into cDNA and then allows its entry into CD4 nucleus DNA

4. Replication: Integrated cDNA starts replicate and make HIV proteins and stabilise HIV into that cell

5. Assembly: These new proteins helps to assemble new particles and tries to break out the CD4 cells and tries to infect new cells.