Question

6.​Explain the “antagonistic pleiotropy” and “mutation accumulation” models for why genetic variants exist that cause people to age at different rates. How has GWAS data been used to test these two hypotheses? Does either model explain the age of onset of Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 1

Answer:                This question i have to write pointswise,because it's easy to understand you....

• The antagonistic pleiotropy theory suggests that animals have genes in their early life which enhance fitness; these gene diminish at the later stages of life.
• These genes are favored by the natural selection. Natural selection favors individuals who have these genes for a longer time and thus, this explains why aging occurs at different rates in different individuals.
• The mutation accumulation theory states that evolutionary consequences of the adverse effects causes a decline in the age after the individual is capable of reproduction.
• After this age, the adverse effects cause the body to age;
• this was attributed to the random mutations, which can occur in random individuals this explains why different people at different rates.
• The genome wide association studies (GWAS) data is used t study the effects of the genetic variants associated with diseases that appear in different periods of life and what kind of impact they put on the individual’s fitness.
• The antagonistic pleiotropy model explains Alzheimer’s disease as the increased expression of the genes in an early age could be beneficial but harmful at an advanced age.

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