Question

• Explain the characteristics of life and why life is defined by a set of characteristics that must all be met to consider something alive.
• Name the hierarchical taxonomic groups used to describe the classification of humans.

Answer 1

Answer-

According to the given question-

characteristics of life- Organism are defined as the living individuals who have several characteristics that a living organism have such as -

• Organisation- cell is considered as the living unit of any organisms which means that all living organisms are made up of cells and all cells developed from their pre-existing cells. some are made up of just one cell called unicellular and some are made up of more than one cell arranged into tissue which form organ and organ system are called multicellular.
• Homeostasis- menas maintaining a regulated balance between the two things.
  • maintaining certain temperature
  • water concentration
  • blood pressure
  • Heart rate
  • sugar level etc
• Metabolism- by breakdown the biomolecules through cellular respiration for the energy
  • growth and development
  • for homeostsis
  • based on the mode of nutrition the organisms are divided into
    • autotroph- self prepare their food
    • Heterotroph- from other sources
    • Decomposer- from dead material
• Reproduction- living organism produces the progeny that are simmilar to their parents.
  • Asexual- require only one parents
  • Sexual- require two parents
• Genetic code - All living organisms have genetic code
  • inheritance is carried on the nucleic acid
  • control the construction and maintenance of organism
• Growth and development- living organism have genetic material that code for the several biomolecules for growth and development.
  • increase in their size and shape
  • they get nature over time
  • have a definite life span
• Response to stimuli- stimulus due to some external factor or internal factor
• Evolution- change in gene frequency leads to change in characteristics of organisms over a long period of time. such as natural selection and adaptaion.

Classification of humans based on hierarchical taxonomic groups -

Taxonomy is used for the classifies of all living organisms to study the diversity of life.

Ttaxonomic hierarchy is the classification in eight ranks based on the successive level such as from Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.

Domain- It is the highest rank for representing any organisms and all the organisms are divided into three domains

• Bacteria-
• Archaea- are single-celled organisms that are lived in very extreme environment
• Eukaryota-

Kingdom - are the highest level of classification after domain for diving a living organisms and divided into

• Monera.
• Protista
• Animalia
• Plantae
• Fungi

Phylum- are subsequent rank after kingdom. there are total 36 phyla are present in in the kingdom Animalia.

Class- kingdom Animalia, are divided into 108 different classes.

Order- Family-Genus, Species

Domain- Eukaryota

Kingdom - Animalia

Phylum- Chordata

Class- Mammalia

Order- Primates

Family- Hominidae

Genus- Homo

Species- sapiens