Question

1. Explain the steps involved in the control function.
2. What skills should a manager possess in order to be successful?
3. List and define the 3 major styles of leadership.
4. Discuss what happens during the four steps of the managerial decision-making process.
5. ​​​​​​​

Answer 1

1.Controlling Process consists of following systematic steps:----------------

1. Setting Performance Standards:The first step in the process of controlling is concerned with setting performance standards. These standards are the basis for measuring the actual performance.

2. Measurement of Actual Performance:------Once the standards have been determined, the next step is to measure the actual performance. The various techniques for measuring are sample checking, performance reports, personal observation etc. However, in order to facilitate easy comparison, the performance should be measured on same basis that the standards have.

3. Comparing Actual Performance with Standards:------This step involves comparing the actual performance with standards laid down in order to find the deviations. For example, performance of a salesman in terms of unit sold in a week can be easily measured against the standard output for the week.

4. Analysing Deviations:-----Some deviations are possible in all the activities. However, the deviation in the important areas of business needs to be corrected more urgently as compared to deviation in insignificant areas.

5. Taking Corrective Action:----The last step in the process of controlling involves taking corrective action. If the deviations are within acceptable limits, no corrective measure is required.

2. list of skills all successful managers need to develop:---------------

1. Good communication-------Having good Communication skills is probably the most important skill of all for managers to have. Unless you can properly communicate with those you supervise, the rest of the skills really won't matter.

2. Good Organisation----Probably the second most important skill that you can have as a Manager is the ability to organise. You need to be able to come up with a plan and then schedule, organise and follow it. This also involves understanding your company's processes and rules as well as among individuals. You must be able to predict what will happen and at what time.

3. Team Building------------Good Managers know how to keep their teams intact. The well being of team members does not benefit from having competition within the team. However, competition between teams can be very stimulating and healthy. If one of the team members speeds ahead and leaves the rest of the members behind without helping them, the team will most likely fail. A good Manager will notice these irregularities very easily. He or she will attempt to correct the situation through having discussions with the team, mostly through listening to members.

4. Leadership------It isn't enough to just listen to the problems of coworkers. A good Manager needs to solve these problems and prove that he or she is committed to the goals of the team. It is also the Manager's responsibility to define goals along with team members and then assign responsibility to various team members clearly. A good Manager will have a clear vision in terms of the direction he or she wants the team to be headed in.

3. The Three Classic Styles of Leadership are-------------

1. Laissez-Faire Leadership-------This type is the largely hands-off with minimal direction and supervision from the manager to the staff. The key to using this method is having well trained and efficient directors who can work as intermediaries between you and your employees. Under this style, a manager gives complete freedom to his subordinates. The entire decision-making authority is entrusted to them. There is least intervention by the leader and so the group operates entirely on its own. There is free flow of communication. In this style manager does not use power but maintains contact with them. Subordinates have to exercise self control. This style helps subordinates to develop independent personality.

2. Democratic Style:-----Under this style, a leader decentralises and delegates high authority to his subordinates. He makes a final decision only after consultation with the subordinates. Two way communication channel is used. While delegating a lot of authorities to subordinates, he defines the limits within which people can function. Democratic leaders have a high concern for both people and work.

3 Autocratic Style:It is also known as leader centered style. Under this style of leadership there is complete centralisation of authority in the leader i.e., authority is centered in the leader himself He has all the powers to take decisions. He designs the work-load of his employees and exercise tight control over them. The subordinates are bound to follow his order and directions.

4. Decision making is the process of developing a set of possible alternative solution and choosing one alternative from among that set. the first step, identifying the problem or opportunity, is essential to solve the problem. the second step , generating alternatives, require that managers be open to fresh , innovative ideas as well as to more obvious answer. the third step, selecting an alternative, require that manager reach a final decision. the fourth step , implementing the solution , require time , planning and preparation of personnel.

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