Question

★What is Cellular immunity and B-/T-cell recognition and cytotoxicity?
★What is cell-cell/cell-matrix interaction and its associated protein, cytoskeleton,organelles amd nucleus?
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Answer 1

There are two types of immunity. They are humoral immunity and cell mediated or cellular immunity. Humoral immunity is mediated by the antibodies produced by b lymphocytes where as cell mediated immunity is carried out by the cells like macrophages and natural killer cells. Cell mediated immunity is carried out by the activation of phagocytes and antigen specific T lymphocytes and by the release of various cytokines In response to antigen.
B-cells can recognise antigen when they are in their native form itself as soluble antigens.
T cell receptors can recognise antigen only when the antigen is complexes with major histocompatibility complex on the surface of their other cells.
Cytotoxicity refers to the quality of being toxic to the cells. There are many drugs and venoms which are toxic to the cells. In the same way the cytotoxic T cells they become toxic to the foreign cells that enter in the body and kill them so they are called killer T cells.
Cell - cell interactions refers to the direct communication of the cells from one to each other. These interactions play a crucial role in the cellular development and for the formation of many biochemical reactions within the cells which enables the cells to participate in various roles. The cell interactions can be mediated by various molecules that are produced by the cell surfaces of different cells. In providing immunity that helper cells produce various cytokines In response to the presence of various foreign antigens. By being activated because of the cytokines the B and T-lymphocytes participate in immunological reactions.
The various cellular processes like motility, shape change, survival, proliferation, differentiation etc are regulated by the cell - Matrix interactions. The cell - Matrix interactions are mediated by transmembrane cell adhesion receptors like integrins , which interact with extracellular Matrix proteins and many cytoplasmic adaptor proteins.