Question

Formation of a peptide (a polymer) from amino acids (monomers) requires input of energy. Select all of the processes that contribute energy to amino acid polymeration.

1 tRNA charging by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

2 Release and further hydrolysis of PPi when the phosphodiester bond is formed

3 kinetic energy from the motion of the ribosome

4 catalysis by RNA in the large subunit of the ribosome

5 GTP hydrolysis by elongation factors eEF1A and eEF2

Answer 1

peptide bond formation requires energy.

tRNA carries amino acids during translation, charging of tRNA with amino acid requires energy, so the charging of tRNA is coupled with ATP hydrolysis, the energy is stored in the bond between amino acid and the tRNA during translation this bod between tRNA and amino acid is broken and the energy released is used to make peptide bond,

movement of ribosome on the mRNA requires energy it is provided by the hydrolysis of the GTP carried by the eEF1A by eEF2.

so the answers are a)  tRNA charging by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

b)  GTP hydrolysis by elongation factors eEF1A and eEF2