Question

Describe the design of the electric generator, electric motor, transformers, and rectifiers. Define the function of each component. (x-rays)

Answer 1

Electric generator - It is also called as dynamo and is used to convert mechanical power to electrical power. It consists of several rotary parts. Then there will be field windings which will generate needed magnetic field. Then, we have armature which has windings responsible for creating current which provides power to an external circuit. The armature can be on either the rotor or the stator, depending on the design.

Electric motor is reverse of generator. It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. They also have windings which produce magnetic force which is then converted to mechanical energy. The example of electric motor can be seen everywhere from fuel pumps to mechanical submersible pumps.

Transformer as the name suggest transform the voltage from high to low or low to high. Basically, a transformer has two coils (primary and secondary) wound around an iron core. The current enters through the primary coil and exits through the secondary coil. There are basically two types - step up and step down transformers. The former one increases the voltage and later one decrease the voltage.

In rectifiers, we have two types - full wave and half wave. In a Full Wave Rectifier circuit, two diodes are used, one for each half of the cycle. A multiple winding transformer is used whose secondary winding is split equally into two halves with a common tapped connection. The full wave rectifier circuit consists of two power diodes connected to a single load resistance.

In the x-ray machine, rectifier diverts the flow of electrons in the high-voltage circuit so that a direct current is established from the cathode to the anode in the x-ray tube.