Question

To understand this table, it is important to analyze whether the cell contains a 0, which means that the animal has the ancestral version of the trait, or whether the cell contains a 1, which means that the animal has the derived version of that trait. For example: The galago has the ancestral version of that trait (it has a tail) for Trait No. 2 (the trait of either having a tail or not having a tail), whereas the human has a derived version of that trait (it lacks a tail).

Trait number	Ancestral/Derived version	Lizard	Galago	Dog	Human
1	Four limbs	0	0	0	0
2	Tail/No tail	0	0	0	1
3	Homodont/Heterodont	0	1	1	1
4	Claws/Nails	0	1	0	1

0 = ancestral character state, 1 = derived character state

Question: Which traits are both shared and derived traits and which species share each (there are 2 traits that are shared, derived - be sure to list the correct version of those 2 traits)?

Answer 1

Traits heterodont and presence of nails are both shared traits by species.Trait heterodont is shared by Galago , Dog and Human while trait Nails(Presence of nails) is shared by Galago and Human only.

These both traits are derived traits. Heterodont dentition is present in three species(Galago , Dog, Human) and Nails are present in Galago and Humans.