Question

What are the vibrant areas of research in the fields of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology?

Answer 1

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study and application of extremely small things and can be used across all the other science fields such as chemistry, biology, physics, materials science and engineering.

• In medicine - application of nanoparticles that involves use of manufactured nano-robots to make repairs at the cellular level.
• Nano sensors and nano diagnostics.
• Nanometrology for ICT and semiconductor.
• Nano structured solar energy devices.
• For drug delivery .eg; PVA - chitosan nanofibrous membrane for drug delivery.
• Crystallization of biological molecules.
• Drug delivery nanosponges for cancer therapy.
• Nanofabrication and nano instrumentation.

Answer 2

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology are becoming the most interesting subjects because they have many

applications in various fields. Nanoparticle is defined as a microscopic particle of matter that is measured on the

nanoscale usually in the range of 1–100 nanometers. The properties of nanoparticles may be tuned by controlling

the size of the nanoparticles. The size and surface characteristics of nanoparticles can be easily manipulated.

Nanoparticle is unique because it has large surface area and large surface energy. It is highly reactive and

can be used as an excellent catalyst. Nanoparticles often possess unexpected optical properties as they are small

enough to confine their electrons and produce quantum size effects.We can reduce the dimension of nanoparticles

to obtain thin films, quantum wires or quantum dots. These are the main reasons why we are using

nanoparticles instead of bulk materials. Nanoparticles have extensive applications in biomedicine, optics and

electronics. Nanoparticles are used in electrical batteries,filters, bio-labeling, optical receptors, sensors, drugdelivery systems, detection of diseases, destruction of tumors, etc.

  The stability of nano particle  is very low. So, it is essential to give them kinetic stability using Cadmium sulphate.

It is an important II-IVsemiconductor nanoparticle with many excellent physical and chemical properties. This has promising applications in multiple technological fields including photochemicalcatalysis, gas sensor, detectors for laser and infrared,solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and in catalysis, etc. As it has many uses its more helpful to humans but also very toxic and low soluble. The toxicity of cadmium sulphate is due to release of Cd+2 ions from the cadmium core. To use this as a medical purpuse we should first reduce or eliminate its toxic effect. And the process is to" introduce caping agent".

A capping agent is a strongly adsorbed monolayerof usually organic molecules used to aid stabilization of nanoparticles. It is used to protect the surface of materials,commonly nanoparticles. It prevents degradation and can help preserve different properties of the material.Capping agent merely enclose the particle and does not react with the surface.

Thus we can summarise that the research of nanotechnology has a wide range. It can also be used to detect adulterants in food materials like melamine, has relevance in medical field,electrical field and so on.