15. Describe the function of a 4E-BP protein. How is the protein Maskin, an example of...
15. Describe the function of a 4E-BP protein.
How is the protein Maskin, an example of a 4E-BP and how is this protein’s activity as one regulated?
3 pts
16. What activity stabilizes the “hybrid state” during translation elongation and how is the original ribosome state re-established in elongation? 3 pts
Homework Answers
15. The 4E-BP protein interacts directly with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), that acts as a limiting component of a multisubunit complex that takes up 40S ribosomal subunits on to the 5' end of mRNA. Interaction of the protein with eIF4E results in inhibition of complex assembly and repression of translation.
Maskin consists peptide sequence that is not used up/ conserved amongst the eIF-4E-binding proteins.
16 . Binding of EF-G to the ribosome stabilizes the hybrid-state conformation.
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15. Describe the function of a 4E-BP protein.
How is the protein Maskin, an example of...
6) Please describe the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic translation initiation. (10 points) 7)...
6) Please describe the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic translation initiation. (10 points) 7) During translation elongation in procaryotes, the interplay between EF-Tu and EF-TS regulate tRNA charging to the A site of the ribosome. Please describe in detail the sequence of events that take place during tRNAEFTU GTR ternary complex formation. Explain how the EF-Tu GDP that is discharged from the ribosome is converted to EF- Tu GTR that is the competent complex for translation elongation? What is...
Describe an example of each type of regulation in the context of glucose metabolism. Factors That...
Describe an example of each type of regulation in the context of glucose metabolism. Factors That Determine Activity of Enzymes: 1) Extracellular signal 2) Transcription of specific genes 3) mRNA degradation 4) mRNA translation on ribosome 5) Protein degradation 6) enzyme sequestered in subcellular organelle 7) Enzyme binds substrate 8) Enzyme binds ligand 9) Enzyme undergoes phosphorylation/dephosphorylation 10) Enzyme combines with regulatory protein
18) What is the function of DNA gyrase and Topoisomerases? (6 points) 19) List and describe...
18) What is the function of DNA gyrase and Topoisomerases? (6 points) 19) List and describe the 5 unique types of point mutations ? (10 points) 20) List, and clearly describe, the molecules that play a role in the initiation, elongation, and termination of DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein translation? (50 points) 21) When an error occurs in DNA replication, how does the cell know which nucleotide on which strand should be corrected? (10 points) 22) During conjugation, the...
1. Describe how effectors of allostery regulate protein function based on positive and negative changes that...
1. Describe how effectors of allostery regulate protein function based on positive and negative changes that take place in the protein. 2. Describe how ligand binding controls protein function by allostery 3. Describe the regulation of protein function based on quaternary structure 4. Propose how an inhibitor may or may not be an allosteric effector based on competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive inhibition Describe quaternary structure based on subunits.
can someone answer 14-17 Genome structure (4) 14. (4 pts) Humans have about 20,000 protein genes...
can someone answer 14-17
Genome structure (4) 14. (4 pts) Humans have about 20,000 protein genes encoded in a genome of about 3 billion bp. Rice has about 37,000 protein genes in 300 million bp. How might you explain this difference in gene density? Nuclear organization (14) 15. (6 pts) Describe the structure of a nucleosome. 16. (4 pts) How does chromatin structure affect gene expression? 17. (4 pts) Give two examples of specific chemical modifications which control chromatin structure.
5) Translation was originally sorted out using a variety of inhibitors of protein synthesis Inhibitors tend...
5) Translation was originally sorted out using a variety of inhibitors of protein synthesis Inhibitors tend to interrupt the process at a particular step and a population of translating ribosomes will all stop in the same state. An allied technique is to identify temperature sensitive mutations in various accessory factors. When the population of ribosomes is shifted to the restrictive temperature, ribosomes will stall when they need the function of the mutant protein to continue By analyzing the structure of...
Question 3 (5 points) Describe how the graph of the function is related to the graph...
Question 3 (5 points) Describe how the graph of the function is related to the graph of f(x) = X 1(x)=-112 dilation compressed vertically and reflected across the x-axis i translation up 15 units dilation stretched vertically and reflected across the x-axis ( translation down 15 units
22. What are the roles of Dicer and RISC in the function of miRNAs? Dicer RISC...
22. What are the roles of Dicer and RISC in the function of miRNAs? Dicer RISC 23. Describe the concepts of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structure 24. Here is a short sequence of codons. AUG CAU UGU UUU Write out the amino acids this sequence of codons encodes. Now add an insertion mutation of your choosing in the first codon and write out the new mutant sequence. What are the first four amino acids encoded by this mutant...
b) What property p it to be functional"? Explain your sr Detity (or properties) of R...
b) What property p it to be functional"? Explain your sr Detity (or properties) of R be replcafec Snl sh RNA c) Which of t a "functional RNAz Chthe folowing CRN mNAR (2pts) Either: i) Pick any two types what ea d) at are functional RNAs, and briefly state each one does (make clear which two you have chosen), or i) Name the three types y of RNAs that participate in translation, and state what role each plays in this...
O) The role of the 23S TRNA of the large ribosomal subunit of E. coli during...
O) The role of the 23S TRNA of the large ribosomal subunit of E. coli during protein synthesis is: a. aid in initiation of protein synthesis b. contributes to the process of translocation during the elongation stage of protein synthesis c. helps to form the A site within the ribosome d. actively forms a peptide bond e. none of the above P) Spontaneous mutations can be caused by: a. incorrect translation b. telomerase c. chemical mutagens d. tautomeric shifts e....
6) Please describe the function of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotic translation initiation. (10 points) 7) During translation elongation in procaryotes, the interplay between EF-Tu and EF-TS regulate tRNA charging to the A site of the ribosome. Please describe in detail the sequence of events that take place during tRNAEFTU GTR ternary complex formation. Explain how the EF-Tu GDP that is discharged from the ribosome is converted to EF- Tu GTR that is the competent complex for translation elongation? What is...
18) What is the function of DNA gyrase and Topoisomerases? (6 points) 19) List and describe the 5 unique types of point mutations ? (10 points) 20) List, and clearly describe, the molecules that play a role in the initiation, elongation, and termination of DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein translation? (50 points) 21) When an error occurs in DNA replication, how does the cell know which nucleotide on which strand should be corrected? (10 points) 22) During conjugation, the...
can someone answer 14-17
Genome structure (4) 14. (4 pts) Humans have about 20,000 protein genes encoded in a genome of about 3 billion bp. Rice has about 37,000 protein genes in 300 million bp. How might you explain this difference in gene density? Nuclear organization (14) 15. (6 pts) Describe the structure of a nucleosome. 16. (4 pts) How does chromatin structure affect gene expression? 17. (4 pts) Give two examples of specific chemical modifications which control chromatin structure.
5) Translation was originally sorted out using a variety of inhibitors of protein synthesis Inhibitors tend to interrupt the process at a particular step and a population of translating ribosomes will all stop in the same state. An allied technique is to identify temperature sensitive mutations in various accessory factors. When the population of ribosomes is shifted to the restrictive temperature, ribosomes will stall when they need the function of the mutant protein to continue By analyzing the structure of...
Question 3 (5 points) Describe how the graph of the function is related to the graph of f(x) = X 1(x)=-112 dilation compressed vertically and reflected across the x-axis i translation up 15 units dilation stretched vertically and reflected across the x-axis ( translation down 15 units
22. What are the roles of Dicer and RISC in the function of miRNAs? Dicer RISC 23. Describe the concepts of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary protein structure 24. Here is a short sequence of codons. AUG CAU UGU UUU Write out the amino acids this sequence of codons encodes. Now add an insertion mutation of your choosing in the first codon and write out the new mutant sequence. What are the first four amino acids encoded by this mutant...
b) What property p it to be functional"? Explain your sr Detity (or properties) of R be replcafec Snl sh RNA c) Which of t a "functional RNAz Chthe folowing CRN mNAR (2pts) Either: i) Pick any two types what ea d) at are functional RNAs, and briefly state each one does (make clear which two you have chosen), or i) Name the three types y of RNAs that participate in translation, and state what role each plays in this...
O) The role of the 23S TRNA of the large ribosomal subunit of E. coli during protein synthesis is: a. aid in initiation of protein synthesis b. contributes to the process of translocation during the elongation stage of protein synthesis c. helps to form the A site within the ribosome d. actively forms a peptide bond e. none of the above P) Spontaneous mutations can be caused by: a. incorrect translation b. telomerase c. chemical mutagens d. tautomeric shifts e....
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