Question

Innate immune system components, for each one of the components, indicate: what privates the component and what functions does this component play in the mine defense of the body?

Answer 1

Answer=

Innate immune system components are as follows:

1.Physical barriers = Physical barriers are the first line of defense against microorganisms.

it includes skin and mucous mucous membrane

-Most organisms and foreign substances can not penetrate intact skin but can enter the body if the skin is damaged.

-The acidic pH of sweat and sebaceous secretions and the presence of various fatty acids and hydrolytic enzymes like lysozyme inhibits the growth of most of the microorganisms.

-respioratory and gastroinstinal tracts is also covered by cilia.

-Tears contain lysozyme,lactoferrin,IgA and thus provide chemical as well physical protection.

2.Chemical mediators = various molecules acts as chemical mediators are

a.complement = It is heat labile component of blood plasma that augments phagocytosis.

-activity is antibacterial activity of antibody.

- Also bridges innate and adaptive immunity and removes immune complexes.

- Activation of complement in response to certain microorganisms results in a controlled enzymatic cascade,which targets the membrane of pathogenic organisms and leads to their destruction.

b.Cytokines- is any low molecular weight soluble protein or glycoprotein released by one cell population which acts as an intercellular mediator.

- It includes Monokines,lymphokines,interleukins,interferons and others.

-Cytokine are required for immunoregulation.

- Interferones are cytokines made by cell in response to virus infections which essentially induce a generalised antiviral state in surrounding cell.

3.Pattern recognition molecule -

pattern recognition molecules that recognize pathogen -associated molecular pattern may be soluble circulating proteins or cell surface receptors.

- Mannose lectin binding and C-creative protein are soluble pattern recognition molecules that bind to microbial surfaces and promote their opsonization.

-Toll like receptors functions exclusively as signalling receptors.

4.Phgocytic cell, dendritic cell,NK cells