Question

1. What are major differences between water treatment and waste water treatment plant?
2. What is Short-Circuiting?
3. Describe three Classifications of wastewater!
4. What is Comminutor?
5. What is activated sludge system? Describe it.

Answer 1

Solution :-

1. Major differences between water treatment and waster water treatment plant :-

Water treatment : It is the process that makes water suitable for specific end-use purpose. It may be drinking, irrigation etc. Eg. Treatment of water containing excess Fluorine.

Waste Water treatment: It is the process through which water ,which is no longer suitable for its use, can be converted back to effluent in minimum possible environmental damage. Eg. Treatment of Sewage and sullage.

2. Short-circuiting :-

It is low resistance connection between the two conductors supplying power to any circuit. In this current flow in the power source through the short and it may cause for power destroyed. If a fuse is in the supply circuit, it will do its job and blow out, opening the circuit and stopping the current flow. Short-circuit is in Direct current or Alternating current circuit. When the power range is hight circuit can't match that power so it will be easily broken.

3. Three classifications of waste water :-

Three wasterwater classifications are Physical classification, Chemical classification, Thermal classification.

3.1 Physical classification :-

This classification identifies the physical state of waste. It is needed for the selection and design of waste handling systems and the choice of processing equipment. Based on physical characteristics, typical waste materials are classified as gaseous, liquid, solid and containerized waste. In the present context, solid and liquid wastes will be discussed in this section.

3.2 Chemical classification :-

It is the key to selection of proper process design parameters, selection of materials of construction. the possibility of bye-product recovery, and the requirement of fuel gas and discharge water treatment systems. Based on this classification, the waste materials are broadly classified as clean waste and hazardous waste.

3.2.1 Clean waste :-  This group covers hydrocarbons which contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The oxidation products are considered clean and can be discharged into the environment.

3.2.2 Hazardous waste :- Technical criteria such as toxicity, flammability, corrosivity, ignitability and reactivity have been proposed and used to some extent to identify and designate the waste as hazardous. Though the hazardous wastes account for only a small proportion of all wastes generated by the industries.

3.3 Thermal classification :-

This is used in the determination of energy requirements for processing and in the selection of system configuration. Wastes are a group that includes wastes which will sustain oxidation reaction without additional energy requirements. In this classification not sustain oxidation reaction without additional energy supply.

4. Comminutor :-

Comminutor is used in waster water treatment to cut the solid waste materials into smaller peices. Then it will be easy to remove the waster from the water.

5. Activated sludge system :-

The activated sludge process is a type of wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters. It is a soft substance used for removing pollutants from waste water by a biological reaction that involves oxygen.

The process takes advantage of micro-organisms that can digest organic matter in sewage, and clump together as they do so. It thereby produces a liquid that is relatively free from suspended solids and organic material, and particles that will readily settle out and can be removed. he general arrangement of an activated sludge process for removing carbonaceous pollution. It includes, oxygen injects in the mixed liquor tank and separating the biological sludge from the clear treated water.

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