Question

93. IL-2 acts on several cell types thus regulating multiple immune processes. IL-2 is said to be:

A. Antagonistic B. Cascade inducible C. Synergistic D. Pleiotropic

94. All of the following reasons contribute to the current low usages of cytokine therapy in medicine EXCEPT:

A. Cytokines have a short half-life, usually less than 10 min. B. Cytokines may be bound by soluble receptors and never reach their target cell. C. Cytokine injections often cause an allergic reaction because rabbits make the perfect cytokine factory. D. Cytokines may result in an unexpected or overly powerful immune response.

95. Which family of cytokines regulates target-cell development, proliferation, or death?

A. Tumor necrosis factor family B. Hematopoietin family C. Interferons family D. Chemokine family

96. Which cytokine family is responsible for promoting inflammation?

A. Chemokines family B. Immunoglobulin superfamily receptor C. Tumor necrosis factor family D. Hematopoietin family

97. Which of the following is an example of antagonism?

A. IL-4 and IL-5 cause class switching of immunoglobulins secreted by plasma cells. B. IFN-ɣ prevents class switching in plasma cells by binding IL-4. C. IL-12 stimulates activation of TH cells. D. IL-2 stimulates B-cell proliferation so that antibodies are produced.

98. B-cell proliferation is triggered by IL-2, IL-4, and IL-5. Each of these cytokines is secreted by activated TH cells thus their action is:

A. Antagonistic B. Cascade inducible C. Redundant D. Synergistic

99. Members of this family have conserved amino acid sequence in the extracellular domain containing CCCC and a Trp-Ser-Trp-Ser (WSXWS)

A. Hematopoietin Family B. Tumor necrosis factor Family C. Chemokine family D. Immunoglobulin superfamily receptor

100. Viruses have developed strategies such as cytokine homologs to evade the immune system?

A. True B. False

Answer 1

93)D. Pleiotropic

Cytokines that have one target are monotropic, while cytokines with multiple targets are pleiotropic.

94)Cytokine injections often cause an allergic reaction because rabbits make the perfect cytokine factory.

Cytokines are highly regulated signaling molecules that typically work on self or neighboring cells.

95)c.Tumor Necrosis Factor family

TNF can trigger apoptosis.

96)B. Immunoglobulin superfamily receptor.

97)B. IFN-ɣ prevents class switching in plasma cells by binding IL-4.

Antagonism blocks a receptor or inhibits a signaling pathway.

98)C. Redundant

Multiple signals for the same event is defined as immunologic redundancy.

99)