Question

• describe and discuss how environmental toxicants can affect the health of future infants and children, even before they conceive discuss with a specific example?(please search PubMed and Google Scholar for relevant articles, if necessary).

Answer 1

It is viewed that the toxic environmental hazards are involved through different aspects. These aspects are biologically contaminated water, poor sanitation, indoor smoke from biomass burning, as these are the basic disease vectors that remain the primary source of ill health in children.

Scientists have now accepted that children are particularly vulnerable group which deserve special and separate attention. The environmental protection agency have now established a policy to consider health risks to infants and children in all risk assessments, risk characterizations, and environmental standards.

The change in environmental risk assessment is the adoption of the precautionary principle. This action tends are taken only when a toxic effect was clearly defined. Here the regulators are poised with the uncertainty about a toxic threat, as they respond and not wait until their worst fears are realised. In deciding exposure limits, they should be on the side of safety in the face of scientific uncertainly.

Children should be considered separately to known pediatricians. Children’s diet differs from adults, and on per unit kg body weight they consume more food and water, and breathe more air. Their immature organs are especially sensitive, and their external surfaces absorb more toxic material.

All drugs have a deleterious effect on prenatal development leading to problems including low birth-weight, premature birth, and impaired brain development. Consumption of tobacco and other alcoholic use can result in low birth weight as well as an increased risk of abnormalities such as urinary tract and limb malformations.

The various hazards during pregnancy may cause negative health effects for the mother and baby. The negative health effects that may caused by exposure to these hazards include miscarriage, still birth, delayed fetal growth, birth defects and increased risk for certain illnesses in the baby, which brings out the results after the birth of the baby.

The cause of the post pregnancy which results in the after cause, is the persistent headache, abdominal pain, visual disturbances, and swelling in various body parts. These symptoms could be a sign of preeclampsia. That's a serious condition that develops during and post pregnancy and is potentially fatal.