Question

Describe primary or secondary consequences of violence and discuss how a public health approach can facilitate the future prevention of such incidents (1-2 short paragraphs). Please include reference in APA format

Module 2.2) How can nurses in any practice setting utilize a public health approach to violence prevention to reduce the burden of violence on a population of interest? What are barriers or what would you like to know more about to be able to do this? (1-2 short paragraphs) pls include reference in APA format

Answer 1

Violence is defined as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community that either result in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychologic harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation.

Violence is defined as a behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something, the strength of emotion or of a destructive.

The main or the primary consequences of violence are seen as physically and may include injury or trauma  

The secondary consequences are mainly seen as mental health consequences like depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, eating disorders, self-harm and suicide attempts, poor self-esteem.

If the violence is as in sexual nature results in :

- Unintended pregnancy

- Gynocological complications: bleeding, infection, pain during intercourse, chronic pelvic pain, STD's, HIV transmission, and UTI

And during pregnancy some consequences are:

- Miscarriage

-Stillbirth

- Premature labor and delivery

- Fetal Injury

- Low birth weight

- Maternal mortality

The Public health approach can facilitate the future prevention of violence in 3 ways that include:

*Primary prevention: Primary prevention is the Prevention of violence before it occurs. Looking at and focusing on root

causes and using an upstream approach for prevention methods. It can apply to the whole community

*Secondary prevention: Early identification of potential offenders/situations where violence may occur and seeking to

intervene

*Tertiary prevention: Long-term response to violence, violent incidents, and conflict, including conflict resolution.

Violence prevention strategies and programmes are developed to stop violent events from happening (primary prevention), to minimize the harm that occurs once a violent event has taken place (secondary prevention), or to treat and rehabilitate victims and perpetrators to re-adapt to society (tertiary prevention). These strategies may target everyone in a population (universal interventions), or only those people with an enhanced risk of violence (selective interventions), or those individuals and groups that have already demonstrated violent behavior and/or been victimized (indicated interventions).

or otherwise, we can apply :

A four-step process that is grounded in the scientific method (Dahlberg & Krug, 2002; Haegerich, Mercy, & Weiss, 2013).

• The first step in the public health approach is describing and monitoring the problem, and tracking trends.

• The second step includes identifying factors that increase risk (i.e., risk factors); factors that protect against or buffer risk (i.e., protective factors); and factors that promote positive behaviors (i.e., promotive factors).

• The third step includes the development and evaluation of prevention policies, strategies, and programs that are intended to reduce risk factors and increase protective and promotive factors.

• The final step emphasizes the broad dissemination and implementation of the prevention policies, strategies, and programs.

2.2. Nurses play an important role in screening and identifying the populations who are at risk for violence and need interventions.AS a nurse she has to participate in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.

As primary prevention, she has to take part in the counseling of youth and the population who are at risk for violence.

As a part of secondary prevention, she has to visit the home of the population who have undergone violations (Victims) and take the necessary interventions and to minimize the harm that occurs once a violent event has taken place

In the secondary prevention, we have to call back the victims to the past life or restoration, treat and rehabilitate victims and perpetrators to re-adapt to society.

# The main barriers to the promotion of prevention strategies include :

*lack of support

*lack of fund to operate the prevention programs

*lack of coordination from the other departments