Question

Choose all that apply. The bottleneck effect (which follows a bottleneck event) is usually observed:
	only on the mainland. only on islands. after a catastrophic event, such as a storm or flood, which kills many individuals. in extremely large populations. when individuals colonize a new area (where this species did not previously exist). in extremely small populations. in extremely diverse populations.

Answer 1

• after a catastrophic event, such as a storm or flood, which kills many individuals.
• in extremely large populations
• in extremely diverse population

Bottleneck effect takes place due to certain catastrophic event and hence tends to tremendously reduce the population and reduces the genetic variation. It tends to cause sharp decline in the size of the population and caused by different types of environmental events like famines, earthquake, flood etc. With such events it leads to reduction in the size of the population and hence it tends to impact large population and convert it into small size. There is reduction in the genetic diversity and small population tends to pass on small diversity to future generation.