Question

List 4 long-term problems a female athlete severely restricting calories in order to lose weight might experience.

List 4 effects of training on the body's use of energy sources and energy systems, which results in improved athletic performance.

Answer 1

The calorie is defined as the amount of heat energy is required to increase the temperature of 1 gm of water by 1-degree Celcius. To perform our daily physical activities our bodies physiological system should be in good working condition. To work physiological activities in the body our body needs calories.

The calories are obtained from the food source. The calorie intake is controlled in athletes to improve their performance in sports. If calorie intake is reduced in order to reduce weight in female athletes, then, some long term consequences may occur.

List of long term problems:

1. Slow metabolism: The reduced calorie intake results in a slower metabolism. This condition exists for a longer period even after the calorie-restricted diet is stopped.

2. Nutrient deficiencies: The calorie-restricted diet cannot provide the required amount of minerals, vitamins, proteins to the body, this results in nutrition deficiency.

3. Reduce fertility: The reduced intake of calories cause reduced levels of reproductive hormones like estrogen and luteinizing hormone leads to reduced fertility.

4. Weaker bones: The restricted calorie intake causes reduced levels of estrogen that leads to reduced bone formation and increased bone degradation results in weaker bones.

5. Lowers immunity

List of 4 effects of training on the body's use of energy sources and energy systems:

The training on the body's use of energy sources and energy systems results in improved athletic performance.

1. Improvement in aerobic capacity

2. Improvement in work durability

3. Improved number of mitochondria

4. Improvement in aerobic enzymes formation

5. Improved availability of oxygen and nutrients to the muscles.