Question

Which of the following describes a fundamental difference between commensalism and mutualism?

Select one:

a. Mutualism benefits both parties, but commensalism benefits one party.

b. Mutualism is not obligate, but commensalism is obligate.

c. Mutualism benefits both parties, but commensalism benefits neither party.

d. Mutualism is obligate, but commensalism is not obligate.

Question 2 The climax community is a stable and predictable early stage of succession.

True

False

Question 3 Beavers build dams that make ponds in streams, thus creating habitat for insects to lay their eggs. What type of relationship exists between the beavers and insects?

a. parasitic

b. competitive

c. antagonistic

d. commensal

Question 4 Which of the following statements accurately describes a community whose rank-abundance curve fits a logarithmic series?

a. Species with an intermediate number of individuals are common, and species with either many or few individuals are rare.

b. Species with only a few individuals are rare, and species with many individuals are common.

c. Species with only a few individuals are common, and species with many individuals are rare.

d. Species with an intermediate number of individuals are rare, and species with either many or few individuals are common.

Question 5 Which of the following examples represents a guild within a community?

a. water birds

b. migratory birds

c. fish-eating birds

d. flightless birds

What is an ecotone?

Select one:

a. a gradual transitional zone between two ecological communities

b. a rapid or gradual transitional zone between two ecological communities

c. a rapid transitional zone between two ecological communities

d. the concept that a community functions as a superorganism

Question 7In regard to rank-abundance data, which of the following options explains the fundamental difference between (i) the logarithmic series and (ii) the log-normal distribution?

Select one:

a. (i) The y-axis is on a logarithmic scale; (ii) the y-axis is on an arithmetic scale.

b. (i) The x-axis is on a logarithmic scale; (ii) the x-axis is on an arithmetic scale.

c. (i) The x-axis is on an arithmetic scale; (ii) the x-axis is on a logarithmic scale.

d. (i) The y-axis is on a logarithmic scale; (ii) the y-axis is on an arithmetic scale.

8 Clements viewed the community as a holistic entity.

Select one:

True

False

9 Gleason developed the continuum hypothesis of community structure.

Select one:

True

False

Question 10

Regarding the structure of ecological communities, most modern ecologists hold which of the following viewpoints?

Select one:

a. Both viewpoints are somewhat correct, but the Gleasonian model is more correct than the Clementsian model.

b. Both viewpoints are somewhat correct, but the Clementsian model is more correct than the Gleasonian model.

c. The Clementsian community model is correct, and the Gleasonian model is incorrect.

d. The Clementsian community model is incorrect, and the Gleasonian model is correct.

Which of the following statements best represents Clements's view of community structure?

Select one:

a. The community is a coincidental assemblage of species with similar requirements.

b. The community is a highly organized and integrated entity.

c. A community is largely structured by its feeding interactions.

d. A community is largely structured by its competitive interactions.

Question 12Which of the following statements best represents Gleason's view of community structure?

Select one:

a. The community is a highly organized and integrated entity.

b. The community is a coincidental assemblage of species with similar requirements.

c. A community is largely structured by its competitive interactions.

d. A community is largely structured by its feeding interactions.

Question 13Which of the following organisms defines an ecological community?

Select one:

a. the dominant vegetation

b. the keystone predators

c. the decomposers

d. the soil microbial community

Question 14Which of the following terms is used to refer to the number of species in a community?

Select one:

a. biodiversity

b. species composition

c. species diversity

d. species richness

Question 15Which of the following statements most accurately represents the factors that affect the structuring of ecological communities?

Select one:

a. Biotic factors are irrelevant, and abiotic factors are important.

b. Biotic factors are more important than abiotic factors.

c. Biotic factors are less important than abiotic factors.

d. Biotic factors are important, and abiotic factors are irrelevant.

Which of the following types of communities typically form on the tidal flats of the Hudson Plains?

Select one:

a. swamps

b. tide pools

c. ombrotrophic wetlands

d. salt marshes

Question 17Which of the following wetland types is the most productive?

Select one:

a. bog

b. fen

c. swamp

d. marsh

Question 18Which of the following factors best defines the location and boundaries of a biome?

Select one:

a. prevailing winds and seasonal variation in rainfall and snowfall

b. topography

c. environmental conditions that support their dominant life forms

d. temperature and latitude

Question 19Which of the following statements distinguishes alpine tundra from arctic tundra?

Select one:

a. Alpine tundra is always dry, but arctic tundra may be waterlogged.

b. Alpine tundra occurs at any latitude, but arctic tundra occurs only at high latitudes.

c. Alpine tundra may have well-developed, productive soils, but arctic tundra always has poor soils.

d. Alpine tundra lacks trees, but arctic tundra may have short, shrubby trees.

Question 20Which of the following statements best describes soil moisture in the tundra during the growing season?

Select one:

a. The soil is relatively dry because there is high evaporation and good drainage.

b. The soil is relatively moist because there is little evaporation and poor drainage.

c. The soil is relatively moist because there is little evaporation and a high level of precipitation.

d. The soil is relatively dry because there is high evaporation and a low level of precipitation.

Which of the following terrestrial biomes is considered to have the highest degree of ecological development?

Select one:

a. a tropical rainforest

b. a tallgrass prairie

c. a tropical grassland

d. a temperate rainforest

Question 22Which of the following statements does NOT apply to coral reefs?

Select one:

a. They occur in shallow, fertile waters.

b. They occur in tropical latitudes

c. Corals form mutualistic relationships with algae.

d. They are areas of very high biodiversity.

Question 23Which of the following terms refers to small lakes that are surrounded by wetlands and typically found in the prairie ecozone in Canada?

Select one:

a. bogs

b. fens

c. kettles

d. potholes

Question 24What is the dominant soil type in temperate deciduous forests?

Select one:

a. chernozem

b. brunisol

c. regosol

d. podsol

Question 25Which of the following conditions is characteristic of a tropical grassland and savanna?

Select one:

a. high temperatures restricted to one season

b. high temperatures year round

c. dry conditions year round

d. a pronounced dry season

Which of the following best describes a polynya?

Select one:

a. sea ice that is thick enough to support marine mammals and birds

b. a drifting pack of sea ice centred on the Arctic gyre

c. an area of ice-free water formed by winds and surface currents

d. an area of ice-free water formed by turbulence of deep waters coming to the surface

Question 27Which of the following best defines a closed forest?

Select one:

a. a forest with few nutrient inputs from outside the forest

b. a forest that resists invasion by other species

c. a forest with a contiguous canopy

d. a forest that resists colonization by new seedlings

Question 28Trees and/or shrubs dominate which of the following wetland types?

Select one:

a. bog

b. marsh

c. swamp

d. fen

Question 29Which of the following is the defining characteristic of a lentic ecosystem?

Select one:

a. It contains running water.

b. It is unproductive.

c. It is highly productive.

d. It contains standing water.

Question 30Which of the following statements accurately describes an ecoregion?

Select one:

a. An ecoregion is larger than an ecozone and is characterized by soil, vegetation, fauna, and land use.

b. An ecoregion is larger than an ecozone and is characterized by climatic conditions and landforms.

c. An ecoregion is smaller than an ecozone and is characterized by soil, vegetation, fauna, and land use.

d. An ecoregion is smaller than an ecozone and is characterized by climatic conditions and landforms.

Answer 1

1) in mutualism both the interacting partners are benefited but in commensalism, only one of the interacting partner is benefited and the other is not benefited or harmed so the answer is

a. Mutualism benefits both parties, but commensalism benefits one party.

2) The climax community is the community that comes at the later stage of ecological succession, so the statement is false.