Explain (give at least two reasons) why bacterial protein would have a formly-methionine as their N-terminal...

Question

Question

Explain (give at least two reasons) why bacterial protein would have a formly-methionine as their N-terminal amino acid.

Answer 1

Answer #1

Reason 1
Formylmethionine is derivative of amino acid Methionine. and it is found in all prokaryotic organisms.
fMEt is located at N-terminus of the growing polypeptide chain.
Bacteria uses formlymethionine in the place of methionine in translation process.
Methionine is start codon ,coded by AUG but prokaryotes utilize Formylmethionine in the place of methionine on tRNA.
fMet is delivered to the 30S sub unit of the ribosome of mRNA complex by a specialized tRNA (tRNA^fMet), which has 3'- UAC - 5' as anticodon which can be binded with the start codon 5' - AUG - 3' located on the mRNA.
Here, formyl group is added to Methionine's amino group, this addition is catalyzed by enzyme transformylase. This modification is done after Methionine is loaded on to tRNA^fMet by amino acyl tRNA synthetase.
Methionine can be directly loaded onto tRNA^fMet or tRNA^Met.. However transformylase catalyzes addition of formyl group to methionine only if it is loaded onto tRNA^fMet, and not onto tRNA^Met. But this N-terminal fMet is mostly removed from the proteins post translation.
However, Eukaryotes does not use Formylmethionine for the translation process.
Reason 2
Oligopeptides containing f-Met are released from mitochondria of damaged tissues and damaged bacteria can be used as an 'alarm signal'.

Answer 2

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