Question

1. What are the products of one turn of the citric acid cycle (do not consider oxidative phosphorylation during electron transport?
2. In step 3 of the citric acid cycle, isocitrate is converted into a-ketoglutarate. What is/are other product(s) of this reaction?
3. NADH is produced during glycolysis in the cytosol. How does it enter the mitochondria for further oxidation?
4. What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from the myristic acid CH3(CH12)COOH found in coconut oil?
5. Draw the structural formula of an amino acid, which can be obtained from a-ketoglutarate by the transamination reaction.

Answer 1

1)the products of one turn of citric acid cycle are 2 CO_{​​​​​2} , 1 ATP, 3 NADH and 1 QH_{​​​​​2}

2) in the third step of conversion of isocitrate to alpha- ketoglutarate CO_{​​​​​2} is formed and NAD+ is converted to NADH.it is two step process in which isocitrate is converted to oxalosuccinate and followed by decarboxylation of carboxyl group beta to ketone forming alpha- ketoglutarate

3)electrons from NADH enters the mitochondrial electron transport chain by being used to reduce dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol-3- phosphate.the FAD enables the electron from cytosolic NADH to be transported into mitochondria against NADH concentration gradient.

4) 129 ATP are produced from myristic acid

5) glutamine - C5H10N2O3 is formed along with it argenine and proline are also formed