Question

List the 5 Mechanisms and examples of maximizing genetic information Please list the mechanism and an example of each.

Answer 1

Maximizing genetic information :- human genome contain nearly 20, 325 genes and these gene encode by 10,000 of mRNAs which code thousand of Protein.

About 1.5 % of human DNA encodes for protein other genome include viral DNA , Non coding RNAs , interon , promoter and other coding sequence ...

mechanism for maximizing genetic information :-

Different method by which gene number also increase gene contain two types of things exon and entron ... Entron are non functioning part it may contain some evolutionary data and Exon are coding and functioning part ... different mechanism work inside cell to removing non functioning part and increase the functioning part ...

1. RNA splicing ( intron splicing )

2. Alternate splicing

3. Processing of pre - rRNA

4. Processing of pre - tRNA

5. Mutation and insertion and deletion

6. Expanding repeat .

1. RNA splicing :-

Non coding gene found in most of cell that is called entron and these entron is removed by nuclease enzyme or ribozyme and non- coding part remove from long RNA molecule and but only Exon are include in mRNA ..

In intron a conserved sequence is present and GT - AG and intron is spliced by GT - AG rule and in mRNA contain only coding sequence of Exon ...

2. Alternate splicing :- in alternative splicing 5' and / 3' splice site are used during splicing ... Resulting in the production of more than one mRNA . The production of different RNA products from a single product by changes in the use of splicing junction describe as alternative splicing ...

EXAMPLE :- myosin alkali light chain gene of chicken produce two types of protein with different location heart and gizzard.

Calcitonin gene have two location :- thyroid and brain .

That are originated from Single RNA but position of Exon joining in alternative splicing different ...

Processing of pre - rRNA :- rRNA gene culster of different spacer - NTS ( non - transcribed part ) , ETS ( external transcribed part ) and ITS ( internal transcribed spacer ) . The chemical modification and nucleotide of a eukaryotic 45s precursor rRNA molecule into three separate rRNAs . ( 18s , 5.8s, 28s )

Processing pre - tRNA :- in eukaryotic nuclear pre- tRNA contains pre- tRNA introns ...hear splicing occur by different mechanism ..a endonuclease cleave pre RNA precursor at the both end of intron after that 5' and 3' finally join by RNA ligase..

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