Question

23. Describe the two categories of long-term memory and their subtypes (there are five). Discuss the brain regions involved in each, and provide a real-world example of three of them from your own life. (As a reminder, you can find a discussion of these types of memory in the Video Learning and Memory: Basic distinctions 2 at about 25 minutes). 24. Describe what happens when you damage the brain, and discuss why the nervous system has a difficult time repairing itself like other parts of our body. Describe what happens to injured parts of the brain, and how it attempts repair. You can find the resources necessary to answer this question in week 7 resources. 25. Discuss the evolution of the identification and diagnosis of mental illness. Include in your discussion the three primary etiological theories of mental illness, and a discussion of the historical treatment facilities for the mentally ill. Do you think that historical beliefs about the mentally ill have contributed to the current stigmas associated with mental ilness

Answer 1

23). Long-term memory is the memory where memories are stored for a longer period of time. The two categories of long-term memory are (a). Explicit memory and (b) Implicit memory. Explicit memories are those that are usually conscious and Implicit memories are those that are unconscious. The Explicit memory is divided into Declarative memory in which factual information, data, and events are stored. Declarative memory is further sub-divided into Semantic memory and Episodic memory. Semantic memory is the memory of facts, meanings, concepts, and knowledge of the external world that we have achieved and Episodic memory consists of memories of personal experiences and events that have happened in the past.

The Semantic memory mainly activates the frontal and temporal cortexes of the brain whereas Episodic memory is involved in the hippocampus of the brain. Declarative memories are encoded by the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and perirhinal cortex of the brain. The procedural memories are stored by the cerebellum, putamen, caudate nucleus, and the motor cortex of the brain.

The real-world example of Procedural memory is the skill I learned that is riding a bike. Another real-world example of Semantic memory is the skill I acquired by understanding the concept of multiplication. The third real-world example of Episodic memory is remembering the special event when I met my best friend.

24). Brain damage causes destruction to brain cells which results in trauma, stroke, tumor, or other illness associated with the brain. Like other parts of the body, the nervous system also takes time to heal. The injured parts of the brain heal itself which is also called as "brain healing" if the damage is not too severe.

25). Mental illness can be diagnosed by the symptoms and disorders of a person. The three primary etiological theories of mental illness are childhood abuse or trauma, hereditary, and social disadvantage or isolation,