Question

This question contains several parts, be sure to answer each. First, define and explain the four types of reinforcement, including their effect on behavior. Next, imagine that you manage several hundred flight attendants as a flight services manager for a major airline. You have been recelving too many complaints about flight attendants being rude to passengers. In what ways might you use positive reinforcement to improve the situation? How might you use punishment?

Answer 1

answer-

The term reinforce means to strengthen, and is used in psychology to refer to anything stimulus which strengthens or increases the probability of a specific response

the four types of reinforcements and their effect on behavior are-

Positive reinforcement means giving something to the subject when they perform the desired action so they associate the action with the reward and do it more often. The reward is a reinforcing stimulus.

positive reinforcement helps to make behavior of person in to one where persons do the activities more and more which desired from them.

negative reinforcement, a response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus. Imagine a teenager who is nagged by his mother to take out the garbage week after week. After complaining to his friends about the nagging, he finally one day performs the task and to his amazement, the nagging stops. The elimination of this negative stimulus is reinforcing and will likely increase the chances that he will take out the garbage next week. .

Punishment. Punishment refers to adding something aversive in order to decrease a behavior. The most common example of this is disciplining (e.g. spanking) a child for misbehaving. The reason we do this is because the child begins to associate being punished with the negative behavior. The punishment is not liked and therefore to avoid it, he or she will stop behaving in that manner.

Extinction. When you remove something in order to decrease a behavior, this is called extinction. You are taking something away so that a response is decreased.

First we identify the reasons behind the reason for attendants being rude to passengers and there could be two reasons-

Flight attendants are frustrated with their pay structure, incentive program ,and compensation and working environment of airline company.

In this case, we can use positive reinforcement by making good incentive program in which manager would provide the reward or bonus to that flight attendant who would give the best services to passengers and have no complaint from them.

the second reason could be flight attendants has the personality or their nature to talk with others in rude manner.

in this case, manager can use punishment like giving more work, demotion or cutting in pay for temporary basis.so that they can stop such behavior and try to improve their personality.

*hope above answer would help you.