For each cranial nerve provide the name, a functional description, where it projects to/from, proper nursing assessment, and describe what would occur (abnormality) if a lesion were present.
I. Olfactory nerve
The olfactory nerve transmits sensory information to your brain regarding smells that you encounter.
When you inhale aromatic molecules, they dissolve in a moist lining at the roof of your nasal cavity, called the olfactory epithelium. This stimulates receptors that generate nerve impulses that move to your olfactory bulb. Your olfactory bulb is an oval-shaped structure that contains specialized groups of nerve cells.
From the olfactory bulb, nerves pass into your olfactory tract, which is located below the frontal lobe of your brain. Nerve signals are then sent to areas of your brain concerned with memory and recognition of smells. If any injury happen smell will not be recognized.
II. Optic nerve
The optic nerve is the sensory nerve that involves vision.
When light enters your eye, it comes into contact with special receptors in your retina called rods and cones. Rods are found in large numbers and are highly sensitive to light. They’re more specialized for black and white or night vision.
Cones are present in smaller numbers. They have a lower light sensitivity than rods and are more involved with color vision.
The information received by your rods and cones is transmitted from your retina to your optic nerve. Once inside your skull, both of your optic nerves meet to form something called the optic chiasm. At the optic chiasm, nerve fibers from half of each retina form two separate optic tracts.
Through each optic tract, the nerve impulses eventually reach your visual cortex, which then processes the information. Your visual cortex is located in the back part of your brain.
III. Oculomotor nerve
The oculomotor nerve has two different motor functions: muscle function and pupil response.
Muscle function. Your oculomotor nerve provides motor function
to four of the six muscles around your eyes. These muscles help
your eyes move and focus on objects.
Pupil response. It also helps to control the size of your pupil as
it responds to light.
This nerve originates in the front part of your midbrain, which is
a part of your brainstem. It moves forward from that area until it
reaches the area of your eye sockets.
IV. Trochlear nerve
The trochlear nerve controls your superior oblique muscle. This is the muscle that’s responsible for downward, outward, and inward eye movements.
It emerges from the back part of your midbrain. Like your oculomotor nerve, it moves forward until it reaches your eye sockets, where it stimulates the superior oblique muscle.
V. Trigeminal nerve
The trigeminal nerve is the largest of your cranial nerves and has both sensory and motor functions.
The trigeminal nerve has three divisions, which are:
Ophthalmic. The ophthalmic division sends sensory information
from the upper part of your face, including your forehead, scalp,
and upper eyelids.
Maxillary. This division communicates sensory information from the
middle part of your face, including your cheeks, upper lip, and
nasal cavity.
Mandibular. The mandibular division has both a sensory and a motor
function. It sends sensory information from your ears, lower lip,
and chin. It also controls the movement of muscles within your jaw
and ear.
The trigeminal nerve originates from a group of nuclei — which is a
collection of nerve cells — in the midbrain and medulla regions of
your brainstem. Eventually, these nuclei form a separate sensory
root and motor root.
The sensory root of your trigeminal nerve branches into the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular divisions. The motor root of your trigeminal nerve passes below the sensory root and is only distributed into the mandibular division.
VI. Abducens nerve
The abducens nerve controls another muscle that’s associated with eye movement, called the lateral rectus muscle. This muscle is involved in outward eye movement. For example, you would use it to look to the side.
This nerve, also called the abducent nerve, starts in the pons region of your brainstem. It eventually enters your eye socket, where it controls the lateral rectus muscle.
VII. Facial nerve
The facial nerve provides both sensory and motor functions, including:
moving muscles used for facial expressions as well as some
muscles in your jaw
providing a sense of taste for most of your tongue
supplying glands in your head or neck area, such as salivary glands
and tear-producing glands
communicating sensations from the outer parts of your ear
Your facial nerve has a very complex path. It originates in the
pons area of your brainstem, where it has both a motor and sensory
root. Eventually, the two nerves fuse together to form the facial
nerve.
Both within and outside of your skull, the facial nerve branches further into smaller nerve fibers that stimulate muscles and glands or provide sensory information.
VIII. Vestibulocochlear nerve
Your vestibulocochlear nerve has sensory functions involving hearing and balance. It consists of two parts, the cochlear portion and vestibular portion:
Cochlear portion. Specialized cells within your ear detect
vibrations from sound based off of the sound’s loudness and pitch.
This generates nerve impulses that are transmitted to the cochlear
nerve.
Vestibular portion. Another set of special cells in this portion
can track both linear and rotational movements of your head. This
information is transmitted to the vestibular nerve and used to
adjust your balance and equilibrium.
The cochlear and vestibular portions of your vestibulocochlear
nerve originate in separate areas of the brain.
The cochlear portion starts in an area of your brain called the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
The vestibular portion begins in your pons and medulla. Both portions combine to form the vestibulocochlear nerve.
IX. Glossopharyngeal nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve has both motor and sensory functions, including:
sending sensory information from your sinuses, the back of your
throat, parts of your inner ear, and the back part of your
tongue
providing a sense of taste for the back part of your tongue
stimulating voluntary movement of a muscle in the back of your
throat called the stylopharyngeus
The glossopharyngeal nerve originates in a part of your brainstem
called the medulla oblongata. It eventually extends into your neck
and throat region.
X. Vagus nerve
The vagus nerve is a very diverse nerve. It has both sensory and motor functions, including:
communicating sensation information from your ear canal and
parts of your throat
sending sensory information from organs in your chest and trunk,
such as your heart and intestines
allowing motor control of muscles in your throat
stimulating the muscles of organs in your chest and trunk,
including those that move food through your digestive tract
(peristalsis)
providing a sense of taste near the root of your tongue
Out of all of the cranial nerves, the vagus nerve has the longest
pathway. It extends from your head all the way into your abdomen.
It originates in the part of your brainstem called the medulla.
XI. Accessory nerve
Your accessory nerve is a motor nerve that controls the muscles in your neck. These muscles allow you to rotate, flex, and extend your neck and shoulders.
It’s divided into two parts: spinal and cranial. The spinal portion originates in the upper part of your spinal cord. The cranial part starts in your medulla oblongata.
These parts meet briefly before the spinal part of the nerve moves to supply the muscles of your neck while the cranial part follows the vagus nerve.
XII. Hypoglossal nerve
Your hypoglossal nerve is the 12th cranial nerve which is responsible for the movement of most of the muscles in your tongue. It starts in the medulla oblongata and moves down into the jaw, where it reaches the tongue.
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For each cranial nerve provide the name, a functional description, where it projects to/from, proper nursing assessment...
Name Pre-Lab Exercise 14-3 Cranial Nerve Functions Complete Table 14.1 with the fun c h a l nerves and indicate whether the nerve is motor, sensory, or mixed. Use Exercise 14-2 (p. 369) in this unit for reference. TABLE 14.1 The Cranial Nerves Motor, Sensory. or Mixed Cranial Nerve Functions CNT: Olfactory nerve CN : Optic nerve CN IN: Oculomotor nerve CN IV: Trochlear nerve CN V: Trigeminal nerve CN VI: Abducens nerve CN VII: Facial nerve CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear...
Pre-Lab Exercise 14-3 Cranial Nerve Functions Complete Table 14.1 with the functions of each pair of 1.1 with the functions of each pair of cranial nerves, and indicate whether the new y, or mil U 14- 169) in this unit for reference TU 14.1 The Cani Cranial Nerve Functions ONE Olfactory nerve CN : Optic nerve CN M: Oculomotor nerve CN IV: Trochlear nerve CNV: Trigeminal nerve CN VI: Abducens nerve CN VII: Facial nerve CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear nerve CN...
Human Anatomy (BIOL-16) CN III Oculomotor Nerve 8. Model - Cranial Nerves Identify each of the provided terms: CN I Olfactory Bulb CN II Optic Nerve • Optic Chiasm lear Nerve CNY Trigeminal Nerve CN VII Facial Nerve CN VIII Vestibulocochlear Nerve CN X Vagus Nerve CN XI Accessory Nerve CN VI Abducens Nerve CN IX Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN XII Hypoglossal Nerve 9. Diagram - Cranial Nerves Using the terms provided above, color and label the following diagrams: W. Ward...
the nurse asks the client to swallow. which cranial nerve is being tested? A. IX, glossopharyngeal B. XI, Spinal Accessory C. VII, Facial D. XII HYPOGLOSSAL . Which cranial nerve is assessed when the nurse asks the client if they feel them touching various part of their face A. Optic nerve, cranial nerve II B. Facial nerve, Cranial nerve VII C. Trigeminal nerve, Cranial nerve D, . Abducens Nerve, Cranial nerve VI . . what is the term for a...
Table 14.2: The Cranial Nerves CN Name Distribution Type Function Nasal mucosa II Eye III Four extrinsic eye muscles, ciliary muscle, iris, and levator palpebrae superioris muscle Extrinsic eye muscle supe rior oblique IV V Three branches: Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular Extrinsic eye muscle lateral VI rectus VII VIII IX х Anterior 2/3 of tongue; facial, neck, and scalp muscles; salivary glands lacrimal glands Cochlea and semicircular canals of the inner car Posterior 1/3 of the tongue, pharynx muscles, parotid...
CN Name Distribution Type Function Nasal mucosa II Eye IIT Four extrinsic eye muscles, ciliary muscle, iris, and levator palpebrae superioris muscle Extrinsic eye muscle supe rior oblique IV V Three branches: Ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular Extrinsic eye muscle lateral rectus VI VII VIII IX х Anterior 2/3 of tongue; facial, neck, and scalp muscles; salivary glands: lacrimal glands Cochlea and semicircular canals of the inner car Posterior 1/3 of the tongue, pharynx muscles, parotid gland Muscles of the pharynx...
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See the table below. In the right column are words and phrases that link in some way with each of the items numbered 1-XV on the left. In other words, this is a typical "matching exercise. Read the scenario and fill out the table FIRST, then use it to answer questions 11-20 below. THERE IS ONE ANSWER TO EACH LEFT-HAND TERM. DO NOT CHOOSE THE SAME ANSWER MORE THAN ONCE. CHOOSE THE BEST FIT Scenario: A 47 y/o female patient...
See the table below. In the right column are words and phrases that link in some way with each of the items numbered I-XV on the left. In other words, this is a typical "matching" exercise. Read the scenario and fill out the table FIRST, then use it to answer questions 11-20 below. THERE IS ONE ANSWER TO EACH LEFT-HAND TERM. DO NOT CHOOSE THE SAME ANSWER MORE THAN ONCE. CHOOSE THE BEST FIT Scenario: A 47 y/o female patient...