Question

the name of the course is outbreak and disaster management

What type of chemical or biological incidents are most likely to occur in your region? Why?

Answer 1

1.Disaster is a sudden calamities or a serious disruption or event occur with in a short time with out any warning.The events seriously disrupts the finctioning of a community/society which is normal and causes human,material,economic,enviromental losses that exceeds the community's or society's ability to cope using its own resources trigerring calls for external assistance.

The disaster may be of either :

*Natural disaster (eg :earth quakes,floods,Tsunamis etc)

*Artificial/Manmade,ie,can have human origins (Radiation emergencies,Bio terrorism,war,conflicts etc)

Now a days the incidence shows that there is increasing trends in the disater preparedness and management.

The disaster preparedness and training course has 3 modules:

*Module One : Epidemiologic response to disasters

This module comprises of two lessons that includes :

a.Lesson 1 :Public Health Implications of Disasters and Hazards (The lesson describes the different types of disasters that affect human society and the public health consequences common to most type of disasters

b.Lesson 2 :The Role odf Disaster Epidemiology in Disaster Preparedness and Response (The lesson describes the role of an epidemiologists in the disaster cycle (Mitigation $\rightarrow$ Preparedness $\rightarrow$ Response $\rightarrow$ Recovery)

*Module Two : Disaster Response Rapid Needs Assessment

The module comprises of four lessons that includes

a.Lesson 1 :Planning a Disaster Response RNA ie,Rapid Need Assessment (The lesson describes the purpose and importance of surveillance,particularly as it relates to controlling or reducing the disaster caused injuries,illness and deaths

b.Lesson 2: Preparing for an RNA (The lesson focuses on planning for disaster surveillance,cosiderations for designing or using existing surveillance system,morbidity and mortality surveillance during a disaster.

c. Lesson 3 : Conducting an RNA (The lesson focuses on planning for disaster surveillance,considerations for designing or using existing surveillance systems,morbidity and mortality surveillance during a disaster.

d.Lesson 4 : Data Entry,Analysis and writing the Report (The lesson focuses on planning for disaster surveillance,considerations,for designing or existing surveillance systems,and morbidity and mortality surveillance during a disaster)

*Module Three : Overview of Disaster-Related Morbidity and Mortality Surveilance (The lesson focuses on differnt types of disaster surveillance methods,challenges and difficulties you might face when conducting surveillance during a disaster.

2.Here we can see regarding biological incidents that will be a very issues create to our society.

That may be used as in the form of biological weapons

These are also called as biologic warfare agents

Biological warfare agents are micro-organisms like virus,bacteria,fungus and protozoa.These organisms will produce toxins produced by them.

These toxins will enter in to the humans and give rises to diseases to humans,animals or plants.

Symptoms may appear for days to weeks.

The terrorists often use the bacteria or virus is weaponized,and changes will affect a broader segment of humans,animals or crops than the normal pathogen.

The main aim of the bio-terrorists is to often participate in an criminal activity to harm others.

Here Anthrax is the major concern in our area.

The humans were infected with anthrax by grazing in pastures and that are contaminated with spores of Anthrax

Health care providers and facilities should have the knowledge to identify and initiate a local response to an act of bio-terrorism

The providers should consider the fact that may be on the cusp of an endemic deliberately perpetrated on society.