Question

please answer the following questions(1-2 paragraphs): -

Nutbeam defined community action as “collective efforts, which are directed towards increasing community control over the determinants of health, and thereby improving health”. Working as stakeholder in your small community, how can you control the determinants of health? Please give examples.

Please use reliable references

Avoid cut and paste

Answer 1

Determinants of health of population:

1. Biology and genetics

2. Individual behavior

3. Social environment

4. Physical Environment.

5. Health service

6. Culture

7. Personal health practices

8. Working condition

9. Education and literacy

10. Housing.

Biology and genetics:

Genetics and biological factors are determining the health status of population.

example: Hemophilia: X linked autosomal recessive disorder.

Individual behavior:

Individual with positive behavior that promotes health status of population.

Individual with negative characters that induces the disease in humans.

Example: Smoking causes lung cancer.

Social environment:

Social environment includes social cohesiveness, society participants etc

Example:

Improper social environment causes stress and tension.

Physical environment:

Good physical condition like lighting, noise free environment, free from radiation that promotes the positive health.

Examples:

Excessive noise, poor lighting, raids index many diseases.

Health service:

Health services and facilities positively promotes the health.

Absence of health care facilities index high mortality and morbidity.

Culture:

Certain cultural practices positively promotes health.

Certain cultural practices detoriates health.

Example:

Giving honey to newborn instead of cholesterol, that detoriates the newborn health.

Personal health practices:

Example:

Smoking, alcoholism, lack of physical exercises induces the duseases.

Working condition:

Example:

Certain working environment produces the occupational diseases like pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, formers lung etc.

Education and literacy:

Example:

Education and literacy creates awareness on population that reduces the disease.

Housing:

Good housing is very essential factors to determine the health

Reference:

K.Park, " Textbook of preventing and social medicine" 17the edition, Kaylee publications, page no: 41- 120.