Question

1. Describe the abnormal process (pathology) of COPD?

2. What are the 4 possible nursing Diagnoses for clients with oxygenation problem?

3. What are the 5 overall outcomes/goals for a client with oxygenation problems?

Answer 1

ANSWER

1. Pathophysiology of COPD.

         * In the respiratory system limitation of air flow occur which is progressive

           and associated with abnormal inflammatory response of lungs to gases

           or noxious particles.

         * Inflammatory responses in the airway result in narrowing of airways,hyper

           secretion of mucus,damages in the walls of air sacs and changes in the

           pulmonary vasculture.

        * This changes in the airway of respiratory system for a long period of time

          leads to not fully reversible obstruction in the airway.

2.Four possible nursing diagnosis for client with oxygenation problem.

     * Ineffective breathing pattern related to hypoxia.

     * Ineffective airway clearance related to accumulation of secretions in the airway.

     * Activity intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply and demand.

     * Anxiety related to changes in the current health status.

3.Five overall goals/outcomes for patient with oxygenation problems.

     * Maintain normal breathing pattern.

     * Clear the airway from accumulation of secretions.

     * Improving the activity level of the patient.

     * Reduce the anxiety level of the patient.

     * Maintain normal nutritional status and managing complications.