Question

Differentiate between the types of fractures, the clinical manifestations, complications and emergency management.

Answer 1

Fracture refers to the discontinuation or breakage of bone

Types of fracture	Description
Communited fracture	bones are in pieces
Greenstick	partial breakage of bone and bends on other side
Compression	bones are crushed -spine
Hairline	a very thin line of fracture mostly undetectable in X ray
Impacted	one bone pierces and goes into other one
Intraarticular	in the joints
Longitudinal	it is along the length of bone
Oblique	It is diagonal to bonr's long axix
Pathological	due to any disease conditions
Spiral	Around the bone (twisting injury)
Transverse	fracture occurs across the bone in straight line
Stress	breaks due to repeated strains and pressure
Segmental	same bone is broken at two end
Intraarticular	bones of the joint are broken

Clinical manifestation :

• Pain/tenderness
• bruise
• Swelling
• discoloration of site
• restricted or no mobilisation
• bleeding if open fractures
• Nausea
• Dizziness

Complication :

• Vascular necrosis: death of bone due to loss of blood supply
• Bone marrow infections
• impaired bone growth
• fusing at wrong way

Emergency management

• Immobilise the site
• Do not pull or try to realign
• stop bleeding by applying pressure ,pressure at arterial site prevent blood flow
• Plaster of Paris (POP),Plaster cast
• Surgical intervention ( screwing,platplateaus, external or internal fixation.