Question

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Laboratory 13 Quality Control: Verifying the Concentration of Hypochlorite (CIO) in Bleach Introduction Titration is a common analytical technique that is used to verify the concentrations of chemicals before they are sold as commercial products, in a process known as quality control. In this lab, you will be using a redox titration to find the concentration of the strong oxidizing agent hypochlorite (CIO) which is the active ingredient in bleach. Oxidizing and reducing agents are often determined using a redox titration. In a redox titration, the titrant (the substance of known concentration that is delivered by burette) usually oxidizes or reduces the analyte (the substance whose concentration is to be determined by the titration In this experiment, however, the analyte (hypochlorite) will not be reduced directly by the titrant (thiosulfate). Direct reduction of hypochlorite by thiosulfate in basic solution would produce colorless products that would be useless for detecting an equivalence point in a titration: 4CIO + 2OH- +3,0,2- --> 4CH- + 250,- + H2O (This reaction will not be used because its products are colorless) Rather than using a simple redox titration, the concentration of hypochlorite is determined indirectly by an iodometric titration. In an lodometric titration, the oxidizing agent to be determined is mixed with an iodide salt in the right acidic or basic conditions for a redox reaction with iodide to occur. The iodide is oxidized to iodine, which is brownish orange in aqueous solution: CIO +21 +2H -> Cl +1, +H,0 (1, turns the solution orange) The amount of iodine that is produced is limited by the amount of hypochlorite that was in the solution, so the iodine can be titrated away by another reducing agent (thiosulfate) to find its concentration and then calculate the concentration of hypochlorite that produced it: 1, +25,0,2- →21 +,,- (Orange color disappears) Since it takes two thiosulfate ions to reduce each iodine molecule and only one iodine molecule was produced by each hypochlorite ion, the net stoichiometry in this reaction is 1 mole hypochlorite/2 mole thiosulfate.

Answer 1

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