Question

Measles and Tuberculosis

1. Describe the signs and symptoms of these diseases.
2. Discuss the trends in incidence of the 2 diseases in North Carolina and the US, generally including the groups that are at greatest risk.
3. Explain what is meant by the epidemiological triangle and how it relates to the 2 diseases you chose.
4. As a public health nurse how can you break the epidemiological triangle?

Answer 1

Classe x Signs of measles Fever cough (dry hacking) • Coryza / runny nose conjunctivitis watery eyes • Photophobia (sensitivity to light) Sneezing a reddish brown rash Koplik's Spot (very small grayish spots) with bluish white centers in the mouth.. inside of cheeks & throat generalized body aches. > Sions & Sumptoms of Tuberculosis cough Clasts for more than 3 weeks) - hemop tesis (blood in sputum) chest pain with breathing or coughing - unintentional weight loss - Fatigue -Fever with chills / Fever - Night Sweats (Diaphoresis ) Loss of appetite.

3 → Epidemiology: It is the study of frequency distribution & determinants of disease & other health related conditions in an human population - It involves collection , analysis &interpretation of health related data The purpose of epidemiology is prevention of diseases & promotion of health There are two major categories of epidemiology. liy Descriptive i Analytic 47 Epidemiological Triangle - Host Agent Environment.

is Agent: It is the first link in the chain of disease transmission Dis ease agent is a substance, living or non-living or a force a tangible or intangible, the excessive presence or relative lack of which may initiate or perpetuate a dis ease process. eg: virus, bacteria, fungus etc , chemicals, dost :- The agent is the organism dis ease. infects the host, which that carries the lilly Environment: - outside factors can affect an epidemiologle outbreak as well; collectively these are referred to as the environment.

classmate Date Page Epidem iological Triangle > Measles - edgent - Measle virus only one antigenic type of meas le vious Tapidly inactivated by heat, light acidic pH gether & trypsin • short survival time (2 hours) an. the air or on objects & surfaces - > Host: Hunaan • un vaccinated young children & pregnant women a • poorly nourish oi'n sufficient vitamin A • weakened immune system → Environment • Developing countries - Africa & Asia countries with low per capita income & weak health infrastructure countries experiencing or recovering from natural disaster of conflict • Dry Seasons in tropical zones · Overcrowded placese Transmission :- highly contagious Dirce that lives in the nose & throat mucus of an infected person.Spread by coughing & sneezing - Incubation period: 10-12 days

Vtipidemiological Triangle of Tuberculosis → edgent ? Mycobacterium tuberculosis acid fast bacilli facultative intracell ilar parasite → Host . all ages o more prevalent in males than in fernales. malnourished Weakened immune systems → Environment : Biological factor :- infected person, bovine tb, Social factors poor quality of life poor housing sovercrowdinas population 'explosion, undernutrition Lack of education alaoge families lack of awareness of cause of illness. Transmitted through droplet infection & droplet nuclei generated by sputum positive patients with pulmonary TB Incubation period - 3 to 6 weeks-