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Question 4-(20 marks) (a) Briefly describe the characteristics of an operational amplifier (op-amp) and describe two examples of where It can be used in signal conditioning circults (b) (4 marks) The level of liquid In a vertical cylindrical tank is controlled by a two-position level controller. The following data was recorded for the tank and flow system over a period of stable operation tank diameter. inlet flow rate (inlet valve open5 /min inlet flow rate (inlet valve closed).0 m2/min outlet flow rate (constant5 m'/min desired operating level dead band (neutral zone/-50 mm dead time lag. 2 m 9.5 m .5 S Note: Tank capacitance for a tank level process cross sectional area of tank Determine: (i) The amplitude of oscillation of the water level in the tank 4 marks) (3 marks) (i) The period of this oscillation (ill) The duty cycle of the control valve (1 mark) (iv) The maximum level of water in the tank (2 marks) (c) A PID controller has a gain of 1.8, an integral gain of 0.4 s, a derivative gain of 0.3 s and zero error output of 35% at t-0. The graph of the error signal is given in Figure 5, Determine the value of the controller output at a time of t 7s (6 marks) Error (%) 4, 3 2, 3 s. 0 8, 0 0, 0 Time (s)

Answer 1

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